August 31 1821: Hermann von Helmholtz, who experimented with physiology, optics, electrodynamics, mathematics, and meteorology, and inventor of the Helmholtz coil, was born. 1842: The U.S. Naval Observatory was authorized by an act of Congress. 1887: Thomas Edison received a patent for his kinetoscope (movie projector). 1903: A Packard automobile become the first car to cross the U.S. under its own power by completing a 52-day journey from San Francisco to New York. 1956: The KC-135 Stratotanker made its first flight. 1962: President Kennedy signed the Communications Satellite Act which gave a monopoly on international communications via satellite to a new corporation called Comsat. 1988: A 5-day power blackout in downtown Seattle began. 1994: Russia officially ended its military presence in the former East Germany. |