June 13

1773: Thomas Young, after whom Young's Modulus of elasticity was named, was born. 1831: James Clerk Maxwell, whose equations have tortured countless EE students, was born. 1848: Samuel Morse obtained a reissued patent for Morse code. 1942: Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Office of War. 1944: The first V1 "Buzz Bomb" attack on London occurred. 1966: The Supreme Court issued its landmark Miranda vs. Arizona decision, ruling that criminal suspects must be informed of their constitutional rights prior to questioning by police. 1983: Pioneer 10 crossed the orbit of Pluto, making it the first manmade object to leave the solar system. 1995: France announced it would abandon its 1992 moratorium on nuclear testing.