Morse Code

In Morse code transmission, a "hand" refers to the unique style or signature pattern of an individual operator when sending messages. Each telegraph operator develops a slightly different rhythm, spacing, and timing between dots and dashes — essentially his "fist" or "hand."

•—• ••—• —•—• •— ••—• •

RF Cafe Morse Code

Create your own Morse code MP3 file.

Morse code is a type of character encoding that transmits telegraphic information using rhythm. Morse code uses a standardized sequence of short and long elements to represent the letters, numerals, punctuation and special characters of a given message. The short and long elements can be formed by sounds, marks, or pulses, in on off keying and are commonly known as "dots" and "dashes" or "dits" and "dahs". The speed of Morse code is measured in words per minute (WPM) or characters per minute, while fixed-length data forms of telecommunication transmission are usually measured in baud or bps. Morse Code Translator in RF Cafe's Espresso Engineering Workbook (free).

Originally created for Samuel F. B. Morse's electric telegraph in the early 1840s, Morse code was also extensively used for early radio communication beginning in the 1890s. For the first half of the twentieth century, the majority of high-speed international communication was conducted in Morse code, using telegraph lines, undersea cables, and radio circuits. However, the variable length of the Morse characters made it hard to adapt to automated circuits, so for most electronic communication it has been replaced by machine readable formats, such as Baudot code and ASCII. - Wikipedia Here is the ITU-R M.1677-1 (10/2009) International Morse code document.

Dash (—) is 3x the length of a dot (•) Space between letters is 3x length of a dot (•)

Space between words is 7x length of a dot (•)

Letter	Morse	Letter	Morse	Digit	Morse	Punctuation	Morse
A	•—	N	—•	0	—————	Full—stop .	•—•—•—
B	—•••	O	———	1	•————	Comma ,	——••——
C	—•—•	P	•——•	2	••———	Colon :	———•••
D	—••	Q	——•—	3	•••——	Question mark ?	••——••
E	•	R	•—•	4	••••—	Apostrophe '	•————•
F	••—•	S	•••	5	•••••	Hyphen —	—••••—
G	——•	T	—	6	—••••	Fraction bar /	—••—•
H	••••	U	••—	7	——•••	Left Parenth (	—•——•
I	••	V	•••—	8	———••	Right Parenth )	—•——•—
J	•———	W	•——	9	————•	Quotation mark "	•—••—•
K	—•—	X	—••—			Double hyphen	—•••—
L	•—••	Y	—•——			Error	••••••••
M	——	Z	——••			Plus sign	•—•—•
						Multiplication sign	—••—
						Understood	•••—•
						End of work	•••—•—
						"at" sign @	•——•—•

These characters with diacritics are not recognized by the official ITU Morse code standard, but are sometimes used.

Letter	Morse	Letter	Morse	Letter	Morse	Letter	Morse
Ä	•—•—	Å	•——•—	É	••—••	Ö	———•
Á	•——•—	@	•——•—•	Ñ	——•——	Ü	••——

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RF Cafe began life in 1996 as "RF Tools" in an AOL screen name web space totaling 2 MB. Its primary purpose was to provide me with ready access to commonly needed formulas and reference material while performing my work as an RF system and circuit design engineer. The World Wide Web (Internet) was largely an unknown entity at the time and bandwidth was a scarce commodity. Dial-up modems blazed along at 14.4 kbps while tying up your telephone line, and a lady's voice announced "You've Got Mail" when a new message arrived...