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January 1938 Radio-Craft
 [Table
of Contents]
Wax nostalgic about and learn from the history of early electronics.
See articles from Radio-Craft,
published 1929 - 1953. All copyrights are hereby acknowledged.
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Hugo Gernsback, in a 1938
issue of his Radio-Craft magazine, lampooned his contemporaries who
boldly declared that by then (1938) there was nothing left to be
invented regarding radio equipment for shortwave communications. Wisely citing the
well-known instance of a patent examiner who quit his post in 1870 because, as the
man put it, all useful things had been invented and there was nothing meaningful
left to patent, Mr. Gernsback challenged his readers to keep this article for 25
years and then go back and read it while being aware of all the new and wonderful
short wave devices that had been invented since 1938. It has now been more than
80 hence since the challenge was issued, and not only has the state of the art of
short waves advanced beyond any of their wildest dreams, but entire new realms of
radio and optical communications have been born and evolved that only futurist like
Hugo Gernsback, H.G. Wells, Jules Verne, and Edgar Allen Poe (Poe was considered
a great sci-fi writer) could ever have even imagined.
Short Waves of Tomorrow
An Editorial by Hugo Gernsback
 Every so often remarks are made that short waves
have now settled down into routine business, as the telegraph and telephone did
before; and that nothing much more is to be invented, since all the major short-wave
inventions have been made.
This silly argument is on a par with the famous story of the Patent Examiner
in the United States Patent Office who, about the year 1870, resigned his official
position because he was convinced that everything worthwhile and important had been
invented, and he saw no future in patents! This poor unimaginative individual, if
he were alive today, would probably be very much discomfited; because some of the
century's greatest inventions were made between the years 1870 and 1900. The telephone,
motion pictures, induction motors, X-rays, airplanes and, literally, thousands of
other important and revolutionary inventions were made after he delivered his ridiculous
dictum. The same reasoning applies to short waves; and the present uses of short
waves are only an infinitesimal percentage of what yet remains to be done.
You will remember that although short waves have been known for about 50 years,
actually, they were not used on a large scale much more than 10 years ago - certainly
much too brief a time to explore such a great domain as Short Waves. By far the
greatest short-wave inventions and applications lie in the distant future. Our instrumentalities
are still woefully inadequate, and our entire radio technique is still exceedingly
crude. If you don't believe this, save this editorial for twenty-five years and
then look about you at the end of that time. You will probably smile good-naturedly
at our present-day feeble efforts; just as we laugh today when we contemplate our
so-called radio or "wireless" instrumentalities of the vintage of 1912.
Our short waves, of course, will remain the same short waves 25 years or more
hence; but the instrumentalities and apparatus we are going to use at that time
will bear no resemblance to what we are using today.
Originally, radio started out with the crystal set which required no local energy
of any kind. Later, we had the battery-operated sets, because batteries were required
to operate our first tubes which gave better results than the crystal. Still later,
we used the house A.C. or D.C. power supply, discarding the batteries except for
certain portable sets. But already, we are turning to the strictly personalized
set; for instance, policemen in a number of foreign countries are now fully radio-equipped
and are walking about the city streets with complete short-wave radio transmitters
and receivers, battery-operated. I can visualize the future receiver without batteries
of any kind or, if batteries will be used, they will be not much larger than a few
fountain pens. Personalized receivers in the future will enable people to listen
in (and also transmit if necessary) while walking about; yet the entire instrument
will fit into your vest pocket. The loudspeaker, which will also be the microphone,
will be no larger than your wristwatch and will be worn in the same fashion. This,
by the way, is a prediction made by David Sarnoff, President of RCA, not so long
ago.
If Amelia Earhart, on her bold adventure, had been equipped with modern short-wave
apparatus (or if short-wave directional receivers had been more fully developed),
the results might have been different. As it was, her transmitter went bad the minute
the propeller stopped revolving, because the power required to operate the radio-current
generator came from the engine. Once the plane was down, no further communication
with the outside world could be effected. Yet, even with the means available today
Miss Earhart could have carried a short-wave telephone transceiver in one of the
wings. This apparatus, battery-operated, would have weighed less than 20 lbs.; yet
with it she could have given her position or, if she did not know it she could have
asked for her position by communicating with the mainland while the plane was still
afloat. Amateurs would have picked up her call in many different countries; and
it would have been only a matter of minutes for the world to know at what point
she landed in the Pacific Ocean, and it would have made the subsequent hunt far
easier.
In the meanwhile, tomorrow's radio instrumentalities will be further and further
refined as time goes on. Tubes will diminish in size, and will become enormously
more sensitive and effective than they are today. This immediately makes it possible
that, with a very few watts (much less than the power used by a small electric light
bulb) we will literally be able to span the entire world with radio communication,
using nothing but a small handful of short-wave instruments. Indeed, the vogue of
high-power short-wave transmission is probably drawing to a close. In Marconi's
day, thousands of kilowatts were necessary to transmit even a weak signal across
the ocean. Today, the average amateur thinks nothing whatsoever of hurdling the
globe with signals of 20 watts or less. Even the high-power stations now in use
by broadcasters will no longer be so powerful; because there will be no necessity
for high-power transmission, with the advent of more sensitive and efficient radio
receivers. Thus short waves constitute a tremendous field for endeavor.
Posted September 2, 2021
(updated from original post on 9/18/2014) |
