Homepage Archive - February 2019 (page 1)

These archive pages are provided in order to make it easier for you to find items that you remember seeing on the RF Cafe homepage. Of course probably the easiest way to find anything on the website is to use the "Search RF Cafe" box at the top of every page. About RF Cafe.

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Friday 6

The Antenna Research Laboratory

The Antenna Research Laboratory, March 1950 Radio & Television News - RF CafeBy 1950, say the author of this story, "No longer are 'aerials' merely required to transfer electromagnetic energy into space," in reference to airborne platforms. Following great advancements in radio and radar technology during World War II, great interest lay in what would later become referred to as 'stealth' technology and in secure communications. The transition of aircraft speeds into the realm of supersonic also mandated that projections beyond the main airframe outline be either eliminated or very much minimized. The long cable aerials that stretched from the cockpit area to the tip of the vertical fin, and the round direction finding antennas hanging from below could not be accommodated at airspeeds above about 300 knots. The aerodynamic drag would be excessive and the forces would tear the antennas apart. Douglas Aircraft set up one of the first antenna measurement laboratories ...

Thanks Again for Windfreak Technologies' Continued Support!

Windfreak TechnologiesWindfreak Technologies designs, manufactures, tests and sells high value USB powered and controlled radio frequency products such as RF signal generators, RF synthesizers, RF power detectors, mixers, up / downconverters. Since the conception of WFT, we have introduced products that have been purchased by a wide range of customers, from hobbyists to education facilities to government agencies. Worldwide customers include Europe, Australia, and Asia. Please contact Windfreak today to learn how they might help you with your current project ...

MWC2019 Barcelona Begins February 25th

MWC2019 Barcelona Begins February 25th - RF CafeMWC Barcelona 2019 (formerly Mobile World Congress) will once again take place at Fira Gran Via, running February 25-28. It is the largest mobile event in the world, bringing together the latest innovations and leading-edge technology from more than 2,400 leading companies, with a highly-rated conference program assembling today's visionaries to explore the hottest topics influencing the industry. The event also features extensive learning opportunities from dozens of partner-led programs, GSMA seminars, summits and more. Everything you need to know about the industry, today and beyond, can be found here. With over 107,000 key decision-makers expected to attend ...

Please Thank RF & Connector Technology for Their Support

RF & Connector Technology - RF CafeProviding full solution service is our motto, not just selling goods. RF & Connector Technology has persistently pursued a management policy stressing quality assurance system and technological advancement. From your very first contact, you will be supported by competent RF specialists; all of them have several years of field experience in this industry allowing them to suggest a fundamental solution and troubleshooting approach. Coaxial RF connectors, cable assemblies, antennas, terminations, attenuators, couplers, dividers, and more. Practically, we put priority on process inspection at each step of workflow as well as during final inspection in order to actualize "Zero Defects ..."

PA and Filter Design Videos Showcasing NI AWR Software Now on AWR.TV

PA and Filter Design Videos Showcasing NI AWR Software Now on AWR.TV - RF CafeSeven new power amplifier (PA) and filter design videos, given by NI AWR software customer and partners during European Microwave Week (EuMW) 2018, have now been added to AWR.TV. The list of videos includes:

OMMIC: Gallium Nitride (GaN) on Silicon (Si) Process for Microwave and Millimeter-wave (mmWave) PAs

Teledyne Technologies: Load Pull, Load Lines, Maximum Efficiency, and 3D Graphs

Nuhertz: Electromagnetic (EM) Planar Filter Frequency Response Optimization   < 4 more >

Atoms-Thick MoS2 Rectenna Converts Wi-Fi Signals into Electricity

Atoms-Thick MoS2 Rectenna Converts Wi-Fi Signals into Electricity - RF CafeFYI: A rectenna is a rectifying antenna. "Using 2-D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) wonder material, researchers from MIT designed an ultra-low capacitance and ultra-low resistance Schottky diode capable of switching at GHz frequencies. The diode was then put to good use to rectify random high-frequency WiFi signals into DC electricity. The MoS2 rectenna is ultra-thin and flexible, and could be fabricated in a roll-to-roll process to cover very large areas, making up for its relatively low efficiency compared to proven silicon-based rectennas, the researchers anticipate. The rectenna described in Nature consists of a flexible RF antenna that captures electromagnetic waves and passes on the AC signal to the MoS2 Schottky diode which converts it into a DC voltage. Such a rectenna could passively captures and transforms ubiquitous Wi-Fi signals into useful DC power for battery-free devices, or it could be made into large areas to harvest more power for multiple sensors monitoring large infrastructures ..."

RF Superstore: Supplier of RF & Microwave Components

RF Superstore coaxial cable, connectors, adapters - RF CafeRF Superstore launched in 2017, marking the return of Murray Pasternack, founder of Pasternack Enterprises, to the RF and microwave Industry. Pasternack fundamentally changed the way RF components were sold. Partner Jason Wright manages day-to-day operations, while working closely with Mr. Pasternack to develop RF Superstore into a world class RF and microwave component supplier. RF coaxial connectors & adapters, coaxial cable & cable assemblies, surge protectors, attenuators. Items added daily. Free shipping on orders over $99. We're leading the way again!

Thursday 7

Weller Soldering Gun Advertisement

Weller Soldering Guns, May 1952 Radio & Television News - RF CafeDo you think any tool company would publish an advertisement like this in today's hypersensitive environment? When Weller ran the ad shown below in the May 1952 issue of Radio & Television News magazine, nobody anywhere could have conceived of a world six decades later where the mere sight or mention of a gun would send snowflake types running for the nearest safe space (which, sadly, has a special symbol Safe Space sign - RF Cafe a la a nuclear fallout shelter). It is a little surprising that Weller still markets the tool as a soldering gun rather than, say a heavy-duty, finger-operated, palm-conforming, graspable soldering implement ;-(   Does anyone know whether soldering guns are allowed in schools these days? Zero Tolerance policies would require ...

Metallic Wood Strong as Titanium but 5x Lighter

Metallic Wood Strong as Titanium but 5x Lighter - RF CafeI have never quite accepted the concept of "x times lighter" than something. The semantic is illogical. No, it would be "1/x th as heavy." "Researchers in the U.S. and UK have built a sheet of nickel with nanoscale pores that make it as strong as titanium but four to five times lighter. The empty space of the pores, and the self-assembly process in which they're made, make the porous metal analogous to a natural material, such as wood. The advance from researchers at U. Penn's School of Engineering and Applied Science, U. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Cambridge U. is detailed in Nature Scientific Reports. The porosity of wood grain serves the biological function of transporting energy. Similarly, the empty space in the researchers' so-called 'metallic wood' could be infused with other materials ..."

The Amazing Maser, the Jewel That Conquers Space

The Amazing Maser, the Jewel That Conquers Space, April 1960 Popular Electronics - RF CafeEarly masers (microwave amplification by simulated emission of radiation), like the lasers (light amplification...), began life with the requirement of a rare earth-based mineral at its core - in this case a ruby. Early applications of the maser, as reported in this 1960 Popular Electronics article, were centered on radars. High amplification and high power was beyond the capability of common semiconductors like Si, GaAs, or GaN. Required substrate impurities, gate widths, and thermal control was well beyond the state of the art of the day. As always, the early pioneers like Dr. Charles H. Townes, inventor of the maser, accomplished incredible feats with rudimentary tools, including the venerable slide rule ...

Pasternack mm-Wave Removable End Launch PCB Connectors

Pasternack Launches Expanded Line of Millimeter-Wave Removable End Launch PCB Connectors with 4 Interfaces - RF CafePasternack, a leading provider of RF, microwave and millimeter wave products, has launched a new extended series of mmWave, removable, edge launch, PCB connectors that are ideal for SERDES applications like high-speed networking, cloud servers and supercomputing. Pasternack's new line of high-speed end launch PCB connectors is comprised of 16 models in four end launch connector interfaces: 1.0mm (110 GHz), 1.85mm (67 GHz), 2.92mm (40 GHz) and 2.4mm (50 GHz). They provide VSWR as low as 1.10:1 and a wide bandwidth that supports high data rates. These high-performance end launch connectors don't require soldering and are reusable ...

Hardware Design of a High Dynamic Range RF Harmonic Measurement System

Hardware Design of a High Dynamic Range RF Harmonic Measurement System - RF Cafe"Radio frequency (RF) circuit elements that are traditionally considered to be linear frequently exhibit nonlinear properties that affect the intended operation of many other RF systems. Devices such as RF connectors, antennas, attenuators, resistors, and dissimilar metal junctions generate nonlinear distortion that degrades primary RF system performance. The communications industry is greatly affected by these unintended and unexpected nonlinear distortions. The high transmit power and tight channel spacing of the communication channel makes communications very susceptible to nonlinear distortion. To minimize nonlinear distortion in RF systems ..."

Reactel: RF & Microwave Filters of All Types

Reactel Filters - RF CafeReactel has become one of the industry leaders in the design and manufacture of RF and microwave filters, diplexers, and sub-assemblies. Through a continuous process of research and development, they have established a full line of filters of all types - lowpass, highpass, bandpass, bandstop, diplexer, and more. They offer the generally known tubular, LC, cavity, and waveguide designs, as well as state of the art high performance suspended substrate models. Established in 1979. Please contact Reactel today to see how they might help your project ...

Wednesday 6

Satellite TV c.1965

Satellite TV, May 1956 Radio & Television News - RF CafeWhen you hear or read "satellite television," you naturally think of a service like DISH Network or DIRECTV. When encountered in a 1956 Radio & TV News article, you know "satellite" must mean "(3) someone or something attendant, subordinate, or dependent." Such was the case for satellite TV locations in areas where, without a network of microwave relay towers, communities situated where geography inhibited standard VHF and UHF broadcast signals from reaching sets with sufficient power were left with no or frustratingly poor reception. Home-based satellite TV as we know it today began in the mid 1970s with Pat Robertson's Christian Broadcasting Network broadcast. Artifacts of that ancient time can still be spotted in rural areas: 10-foot-diameter dishes with eyeballs, smiley faces, or camouflage patterns painted ...

Link Budget Calculations Needed for 5G OTA Testing - RF CafeJeorge Hurtarte has an article on the Microwave Journal website titled, "Link-budget calculations: Needed for 5G OTA testing." It begins: "5G mm-wave devices operating above 24 GHz incorporate millimeter-sized patch antenna arrays or dipole antennas that become an integral part of the device module packaging. Testing these assemblies requires over-the-air tests inside a chamber. But, a mmWave test chamber can introduce significant path loss, more than from cables and connectors. Understanding how to calculate the total link budget for over-the-air testing is a critical step in 5G mmWave OTA test. Each patch antenna element in a 5G mobile or fixed-access device can transmit or receive electromagnetic waves in either the vertical or horizontal direction. Figure 1 shows the simulated antenna pattern of a 3x3 patch antenna array ..."

Electricity - Ohm's Law - Its History: Basic Navy Training Courses

Electricity - Ohm's Law - Its History: Basic Navy Training Courses - RF CafeThe first mathematical rules taught to entry level electrical and electronics students are those of Ohm's Law. Georg Simon Ohm was a German mathematician and physicist who discovered during his experimentations that the current through a conductor was directly proportional the the voltage potential applied across the conductor. From there, he deduced the familiar V=I/R relationship that is the foundation to all of what has followed in the field of electricity. The standard unit of resistance - the ohm - bears his name. Watt, the standard unit of electrical power, was similarly named after Scottish engineer James Watt, and the ampere standard unit of current was named in honor of André-Marie Ampère. The standard unit of electrical potential - the volt - was named after Italian physicist Alessandro Volta. Sure, most of your know - or knew - all this ...

Temperature Testing – Which Cooling Method Is Best?

TotalTemp Technologies Cooling Solutions - RF CafeJohn Booher, of TotalTemp Technologies, has posted a website blog entry titled, "Temperature Testing – Which Cooling Method Is Best?" In it, he discusses the comparison of cooling methods for environmental temperature testing of electronics. "Many electronic components and systems require thermal cycling equipment in manufacturing or the laboratory for system test, burn-in or design validation. While improvements in heat pump design allow compressors to heat as well, in most cases resistance heating is the heating method of choice, this is a discussion of cooling options. For cooling methods there are several choices. Three primary ways that things are currently being cooled in the lab are ...

New Periodic Table Shows Scarce Elements for Electronics

New Version of Periodic Table Shows Scarce Elements for Electronics - RF Cafe"Chemists at the University of St Andrews in Scotland have developed a new version of the periodic table which highlights the scarcity of elements used in everyday devices such as batteries and consumer electronics. Around ten million smartphones are discarded or replaced every month in the European Union alone, so the European Chemical Society (EuChemS), which represents more than 160,000 chemists, worked with the researchers at St Andrews to highlight the remaining availability of all 90 elements and their vulnerabilities, including sourcing from areas of conflict. Smartphones use around 30 elements, over half of which give cause for concern in the years to come ..."

Electro-Photonics Offering RF & Microwave Products

Electro-PhotonicsElectro-Photonics is a global supplier of RF & Microwave components. Their products include SMT hybrid and directional couplers, wire bondable passive components, mounting tabs, filters, transmission lines, and very useful test boards for evaluating components (spiral inductors, single-layer capacitors). The Electro-Photonics team can support your small R&D design requirements with RF & Microwave test fixtures and save you valuable design and characterization time. Please take a moment to visit Electro-Photonics' website and see how your project might benefit ... 

Tuesday 5

Radio Waves, Sunspots, and Planets

Radio Waves, Sunspots, and Planets, June 1959 Popular Electronics - RF CafeI did a little research on this article about John H. Nelson's work on how the positions of planets affect magnetic storms on Earth. It looked a little more like astrology than science, but as it turns out, Nelson's findings gained support in both the astronomical and meteorological fields. Naturally, the astrology crowd claimed him as part of their goofiness, but that wasn't Nelson's fault. He published a book in 1974 titled ,"Cosmic Connections." Yeah, even that sound like an astrology title - poor choice (or maybe he was trying to fool the contemporary Pharisees in to buying his book). The book is out of print now, and I could not find any contemporary work that leverages Nelson's work ...

Z-Communications Intros Fixed Frequency 1090 MHz PLO

Z-Communications Intros Fixed Frequency 1090 MHz PLO - RF CafeZ-Communications announces a new RoHS compliant fixed frequency phase locked loop model RFS1090A-LF in the L-band. The RFS1090A-LF is a fully integrated synthesizer operating at 1090 MHz which is phase locked to an internal 10 MHz reference with a stability of ±2.5 ppm. This low cost PLL features a typical phase noise of −93 dBc/Hz, −98 dBc/Hz, and −118 dBc/Hz at the 1 kHz, 10 kHz and 100 kHz offsets, respectively. The RFS1090A-LF is designed to deliver an output power of 3۬ dBm while operating off a VCO voltage supply of 5Vdc and drawing 35 mA and a phase locked loop voltage of 3Vdc while drawing 10 mA. This unmatched product features a 2nd harmonic suppression of −20 dBc and spurious suppression of -62 dBc ...

B & K Precision 1440 General Purpose Oscilloscope

B & K Precision 1440 General Purpose Oscilloscope, January 1972 Popular Electronics - RF CafeToday, if Rohde & Schwarz, Keysight, or some other major test equipment manufacturer announced during a trade show presentation a new oscilloscope model with a "Breakthrough!" featured dubbed "Cali-Brain®," they would be laughed off the stage. The technology truly was a breakthrough in terms of displaying peak-to-peak waveform measurements in a numerical presentation along with a cursor line indicating the pk-pk extent from the display. It was not as convenient as next-generation scopes that provided a movable horizontal pair of lines with a direct digital voltage difference readout, but it did take some of the guesswork and potential error out of readings on complicated waveforms. Of course modern microprocessor-based measurements ...

Inaugural Gan Con Thursday, February 21st

Inaugural Gan Con Thursday, February 21st - RF CafeMilpitas, California is the venue for the world's first GaN Con. "Today, it is crystal-clear that, GaN offers fantastic technical advantages over traditional Si MOSFETs. Even though the current GaN power market remains tiny compared to $32.8B silicon power market, GaN devices are penetrating steadily into different applications. In this conference we will address GaN market and technology status and debate on its future evolution by mixing visions from designers, manufacturers and end users. Yole Développement, SEMI and EPC are joining forces to offer an executive-level event covering the entire Power GaN Industry, from component manufacturers to end users. Enjoy extensive networking time ..."

NFC Forum to Boost NFC in IoT and Automotive Markets

NFC Forum to Boost NFC in IoT and Automotive Markets - RF Cafe"The NFC Forum has signed an IoT liaison agreement with AIM along with the expansion of an existing relationship with the Japan Automotive Software Platform and Architecture (JasPar) organization. The AIM liaison agreement focuses on the IoT market, furthering an NFC Forum objective to partner with complimentary technologies to use NFC to help connect, commission and control the predicted 36 billion IoT devices in use by 2020. The JasPar relationship was enhanced to allow the two groups to work more closely together to expand the use of NFC in the automotive market. JasPar recently started a Digital Car Key group within the organization as a target application for NFC. AIM and the NFC Forum ..."

TotalTemp Technologies: Thermal Platforms for −100°C to +200°C

TotalTemp Technologies - RF CafeTotalTemp Technologies has more than 40 years of combined experience providing thermal platforms. Thermal Platforms are available to provide temperatures between −100°C and +200°C for cryogenic cooling, recirculating circulating coolers, temperature chambers and temperature controllers, thermal range safety controllers, space simulation chambers, hybrid benchtop chambers, custom systems and platforms. Manual and automated configurations for laboratory and production environments ...

Monday 4

Beware! The Serviceman!

Beware! The Serviceman!, September 1945, Radio-Craft - RF CafeThe battle between the serviceman and the customer is epic. The serviceman knows the customer is out to cheat him of his rightful due for expertise and availability, and the customer knows the serviceman will try to inflate the bill to finance his exorbitant lifestyle. This story from a 1945 edition of Radio-Craft is a humorous take on the subject at first glance from the customer's perspective, but after reading it you might ascertain that it is really from the serviceman's perspective. An article from a 1957 edition of Radio News magazine titled "Strategy for C.O.D. Service" was written as serious advice to servicemen to avoid being ripped off by customers typified by the one ostensibly penning this article ...

RMA / Production Test Supervisor Wanted by Empower RF Systems

RMA / Production Test Supervisor Wanted by Empower RF Systems - RF CafeEmpower RF Systems is an industry-leading provider of high power RF amplifiers. Founded in 1999 and located in Inglewood, CA, the company designs and manufactures solid-state, high power amplifier systems and modules for commercial and military customers worldwide. We are seeking an experienced and dynamic supervisor to join our operations team to improve efficiency and achieve production and revenue targets. The RMA / Production Test Supervisor oversees two related areas: 1) the Customer Return Processing operation (RMA); and 2) the Production Test area. In RMA, the supervisor will interface with customers regarding operational issues, work with support teams within the company to report / resolve discrepancies ...

DARPA Prototype Reflectarray Antenna's High Performance in Small Package

DARPA Prototype Reflectarray Antenna Offers High Performance in Small Package - RF Cafe"DARPA's Radio Frequency Risk Reduction Deployment Demonstration (R3D2) is set for launch in late February to space-qualify a new type of membrane reflectarray antenna. The antenna, made of a tissue-thin Kapton membrane, packs tightly for stowage during launch and then will deploy to its full size of 2.25 meters in diameter once it reaches low Earth orbit. R3D2 will monitor antenna deployment dynamics, survivability and radio frequency (RF) characteristics of a membrane antenna in low-Earth orbit. The antenna could enable multiple missions that currently require large satellites, to include high data rate communications to disadvantaged users on the ground. A successful demonstration ..."

Transient Specialists: EMC, EMI, RFI Test Equipment Rentals

Transient Specialists - RF CafeTransient Specialists specializes in EMC test equipment rentals and carries a complete line of ESD guns, surge immunity test equipment, and EFT generators. Rentals available for military (Mil-Std 461), automotive (ISO 7637), and commercial (IEC 61000-4) EMC testing. Flexible terms, accredited calibrations and technical support on EMC testing equipment offered. Equipment consists of top EMC Test System manufacturers, including Teseq, Thermo Keytek, EM Test and EMC Partner ...

Sunday 3

RF Cafe Engineering & Science Crossword Puzzle

RF Cafe Engineering & Science Crossword Puzzle February 3, 2019Each week, for the sake of all avid cruciverbalists amongst us, I create a new technology-themed crossword puzzle using only words from my custom-created lexicon related to engineering, science, mathematics, chemistry, physics, astronomy, etc. You will never find among the words names of politicians, mountain ranges, exotic foods or plants, movie stars, or anything of the sort. You might, however, see someone or something in the exclusion list who or that is directly related to this puzzle's theme, such as Hedy Lamarr or the Bikini Atoll, respectively. Enjoy! ...

Friday 1

Fair Programmed for Fun - 1964 New York World's Fair

Fair Programmed for Fun (NY World's Fair), April 6, 1964 Electronics Magazine - RF Cafe

Anytime I see a photo or story about the 1964 New York World's Fair, I immediately think of the scene at the end of the first "Men in Black" movie when Agents K and J face off with the alien invader who has come to Earth in search of "The Galaxy." This story from an April 1964 issue of Electronics magazine reports on preparations made for the grand opening on April 22 of that year. Based on the typical three to six month lead time for publishing magazines back in the day, this material would have been gathered long ahead of time. Of course now that half a century has passed we hardly consider any of the whiz-band technology presented there as being anything wonderful, but then half a century from now our grandkids will laugh at what we consider amazing at the present time. Here is an interesting statement from the article that really gives you an idea of generational progress: "The World's Fair alone will contain some 300 television ..."

Drone-Detecting Radar at Super Bowl LIII

Drone-Detecting Radar at Super Bowl LIII - RF Cafe"A Bill Gates-funded startup is seeking permission to test a new kind of drone detector at Sunday's Super Bowl game between the Los Angeles Rams and the New England Patriots in Atlanta, Georgia. Echodyne, a Seattle-based company, filed an application with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on Sunday to operate two experimental radars 'in the immediate vicinity' of Mercedes-Benz Stadium to 'alert security personnel, including federal officers, of any unidentified drone activity during Super Bowl LIII.' The drone tests would be conducted under the guidance and direction of the FBI. Atlanta police have said there will be a zero-tolerance policy for drones near the Super Bowl stadium, with hundreds of local, state and federal law enforcement ..."

PCB Directory Now Offering Design Services and Assembly

PCB Directory Now Offering Design Services and Assembly - RF CafeThe PCB Directory website,  the largest directory of PCB manufacturers, fabricators, assembles, and design services on the Internet, has added new sections focusing on PCB Design Services and PCB Assembly. They have researched and listed the leading Printed Circuit Board manufacturers around the world and made them searchable according to their capabilities - types of laminates available, board thickness supported, number of layers supported, location, delivery time, price, flexible or rigid, etc. Visit PCB Directory today to learn how they can assist in meeting your project's needs ...

After Class - Special Information on Radio, TV, Radar and Nucleonics

After Class - Special Information on Radio, TV, Radar and Nucleonics, December 1957 Popular Electronics - RF CafeThis installment of the After Class series in the December 1957 edition of Popular Electronics deals with inductors. It is a beginner-level introduction to how reactive components behave in circuits. For some reason the concept of magnetism's influence on electrical current (present with inductors but not capacitors) seems to be more difficult to comprehend than that of electrons, even though James Clerk Maxwell shows in the mid 1800s that the two phenomena are interrelated. I am tempted to say that back in the 1950s when this article appeared, people were less familiar with the relatively new concept of electronics, but in thinking about it, your typical 2019 reader is probably even less likely to know anything at all about electronics or the way basic components work. I would bet that maybe 1% could even tell you the difference between AC and DC current ...

Advanced Test Equipment Rentals Introduces Specialized Teams

Advanced Test Equipment Rentals Introduces Specialized Teams - RF CafeAdvanced Test Equipment Rentals (ATEC) is the leading rental provider of test and measurement equipment for EMC, aerospace, automotive, semiconductor, consumer electronics, electrical, communications, environmental and many other industries. ATEC provides thousands of different types of test and measurement equipment from an extensive list of manufacturers and supports customers with experienced specialized teams. To provide customers with the best service and expertise, ATEC provides customer with a specialized team to handle specific needs. The specialized teams are educated on specific types of equipment and markets to provide customers with market knowledge, equipment specifications, and the solutions for their testing needs. These specialized teams have a mission ...

China, Russia Building Super-EMP Bombs for Blackout Warfare

China, Russia Building Super-EMP Bombs for Blackout Warfare - RF Cafe"Several nations, including China and Russia, are building powerful nuclear bombs designed to produce super-electromagnetic pulse (EMP) waves capable of devastating all electronics - from computers to electric grids - for hundreds of miles, according to a newly-released congressional study. A report by the now-defunct Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from EMP Attack, for the first time reveals details on how nuclear EMP weapons are integrated into the military doctrines of China, Russia, North Korea, and Iran. The report discloses how those states could use EMP attacks in theaters of battle in the Middle East, Far East, Europe, and North America ..."

Nova Microwave: RF & Microwave Circulators & Isolators

Nova Microwave circulators & isolatorsNova Microwave is a leader in technically differentiated electronic and radio frequency Ferrite Circulators and Isolators that connect, protect and control critical commercial and military wireless telecommunications systems. Our staff is dedicated to research and development of standard and custom design quality Ferrite Circulators and Isolators from 380 MHz to 26.5 GHz. Please visit Nova Microwave today ...