NEETS Module 9 - Introduction to Wave- Generation and Wave-Shaping
Pages i,
1-1,
1-11,
1-21,
1-31,
1-41,
2-1,
2-11,
2-21,
2-31,
3-1,
3-11,
3-21,
3-31,
3-41,
3-51,
4-1,
4-11,
4-21,
4-31,
4-41,
4-51, Index
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Matter, Energy,
and Direct Current |
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Alternating Current and Transformers |
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Circuit Protection, Control, and Measurement |
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Electrical Conductors, Wiring Techniques,
and Schematic Reading |
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Generators and Motors |
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Electronic Emission, Tubes, and Power Supplies |
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Solid-State Devices and Power Supplies |
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Amplifiers |
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Wave-Generation and Wave-Shaping Circuits |
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Wave Propagation, Transmission Lines, and
Antennas |
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Microwave Principles |
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Modulation Principles |
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Introduction to Number Systems and Logic Circuits |
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- Introduction to Microelectronics |
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Principles of Synchros, Servos, and Gyros |
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Introduction to Test Equipment |
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Radio-Frequency Communications Principles |
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Radar Principles |
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The Technician's Handbook, Master Glossary |
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Test Methods and Practices |
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Introduction to Digital Computers |
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Magnetic Recording |
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Introduction to Fiber Optics |
Note: Navy Electricity and Electronics Training
Series (NEETS) content is U.S. Navy property in the public domain. |
![Sawtooth Wave - RF Cafe](images/09351imgEB.gif)
A TRAPEZOIDAL WAVE looks like a sawtooth wave sitting on top of a square wave. The leading
edge is called the JUMP voltage.
![Trapezoidal Wave - RF Cafe](images/09351imgED.gif)
A TRIGGER is a very narrow pulse used to turn on or off another circuit.
![Trigger - RF Cafe](images/09351imgEF.gif)
A MULTIVIBRATOR is used to generate a square or rectangular wave. a multivibrator is basically
two amplifiers with regenerative feedback. The ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR has no stable state.
The transistors alternately switch from cutoff to saturation at a frequency determined by the RC time constants of
the coupling circuits.
3-51
![Astable Multivibrator - RF Cafe](images/09351imgF1.gif)
The MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR has one stable state. One transistor conducts while the other is
cut off. An external trigger must be applied to change this condition.
![Monostable Multivibrator - RF Cafe](images/09351imgF3.gif)
The BIsTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR has two steady states. It remains in one of the stable states until
a trigger is applied. It then switches to the other stable state until another trigger is applied.
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![Bistable Multivibrator - RF Cafe](images/09351imgF5.gif)
The bistable multivibrator is also known as a FLIP-FLOP. The two inputs are SET and CLEAR. The two outputs are
"1" and "0." a trigger pulse on the set input will cause the "1" output (negative or positive voltage depending on
the type transistor used). At the same time the "0" output will equal 0 volts. This is the SET state.
![SET state - RF Cafe](images/09351imgF7.gif)
A CLEAR STATE of a flip-flop exists when the "1" output measures low voltage (or 0 volts) and
the "0" output is high voltage. The flip-flop will flop to the CLEAR state only upon application of a trigger
pulse to the CLEAR (C) input.
![Clear State - RF Cafe](images/09351imgF9.gif)
There is a third lead on some flip-flops. This lead is the TOGGLE (T) input. Every time a trigger pulse is
applied to the (T) input, the flip-flop will change states.
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BlockING Oscillators are used in applications which require a narrow pulse with sharp leading
and trailing edges. They are used as TRIGGER GENERATORS or Frequency DIVIDERS.
![Blocking Oscillators - RF Cafe](images/electronics-technology-09351imgFB.gif)
A SAWTOOTH GENERATOR voltage waveform has a linear change in voltage and a fast recovery time.
The linear change in voltage is generated by taking the output from a capacitor. The sawtooth voltage waveform is used to provide electrostatic deflection in oscilloscopes.
![Sawtooth Generator - RF Cafe](images/09351imgFD.gif)
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A TRAPEZOIDAL GENERATOR voltage waveform is used to provide, a linear increase in
current through a coil. a trapezoidal wave begins with a step or jump voltage, then a sawtooth wave. a trapezoidal
wave of voltage is used in electromagnetic deflection display devices.
![Trapezoidal Generator - RF Cafe](images/09351imgFF.gif)
Answers to Questions Q1. Through Q14.
A1. Multivibrator. A2. Astable. A3. Monostable.
A4. Bistable. A5. RC coupling networks. A6. One-shot.
A7. Two. A8. Two. A9. SET state. A10.
Transformer.
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A11. Ten percent. A12. Decreases linearity. A13. To
allow the capacitor time to discharge A14. a resistor.
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