Electronics World articles Popular Electronics articles QST articles Radio & TV News articles Radio-Craft articles Radio-Electronics articles Short Wave Craft articles Wireless World articles Google Search of RF Cafe website Sitemap Electronics Equations Mathematics Equations Equations physics Manufacturers & distributors LinkedIn Crosswords Engineering Humor Kirt's Cogitations RF Engineering Quizzes Notable Quotes Calculators Education Engineering Magazine Articles Engineering software RF Cafe Archives Magazine Sponsor RF Cafe Sponsor Links Saturday Evening Post NEETS EW Radar Handbook Microwave Museum About RF Cafe Aegis Power Systems Alliance Test Equipment Centric RF Empower RF ISOTEC Reactel RF Connector Technology San Francisco Circuits Anritsu Amplifier Solutions Anatech Electronics Axiom Test Equipment Conduct RF Copper Mountain Technologies Exodus Advanced Communications Innovative Power Products KR Filters LadyBug Technologies Rigol TotalTemp Technologies Werbel Microwave Windfreak Technologies Wireless Telecom Group Withwave RF Cafe Software Resources Vintage Magazines RF Cafe Software WhoIs entry for RF Cafe.com Thank you for visiting RF Cafe!
Cafe Press

everythingRF RF & Microwave Parts Database (h1)

Innovative Power Products Passive RF Products - RF Cafe

Please Support RF Cafe by purchasing my  ridiculously low-priced products, all of which I created.

RF Cascade Workbook for Excel

RF & Electronics Symbols for Visio

RF & Electronics Symbols for Office

RF & Electronics Stencils for Visio

RF Workbench

T-Shirts, Mugs, Cups, Ball Caps, Mouse Pads

These Are Available for Free

Espresso Engineering Workbook™

Smith Chart™ for Excel

Anritsu Test Equipment - RF Cafe

Bessel Filter Lowpass Prototype Element Values

Simulations of Normalized and Denormalized LP, HP, BP, and BS Filters

Prototype Lowpass Filter Schematics (Butterworth, Chebyshev, Bessel) - RF Cafe

Lowpass Filters

(above)

Highpass Filters

(above)

Bandpass and Bandstop Filters

(above)

A Bessel filter is a filter whose impulse response is a Bessel function. Bessel filters are designed to give maximally flat group delay and maximally linear phase change across the band and into the transition region. They are very close to Gaussian type filters.

The table below lists prototype element values for the normalized lowpass function, which assumes a cutoff frequency of 1 rad/sec and source and load impedances of 1 Ω. Either an input capacitor (top reference line in table) or an input inductor (bottom line in table) can be used.

Convert values to other cutoff frequencies, impedances, and to highpass, bandpass or bandstop using denormalization equations.

Prototype filter schematic - capacitor input - RF Cafe

Capacitor Input

Prototype filter schematic - inductor input - RF Cafe

Inductor Input

  Capacitor Input, RS=RL=1 Ω, f=1 rad/sec
Order C1 L2 C3 L4 C5 L6 C7 L8 C9 L10
1 2.000                  
2 0.576 2.148                
3 0.3374 0.9705 2.2034              
4 0.2334 0.6725 1.0815 2.2404            
5 0.1743 0.5072 0.804 1.111 2.2582          
6 0.1365 0.4002 0.6392 0.8538 1.1126 2.2645        
7 0.1106 0.3259 0.5249 0.702 0.869 1.1052 2.2659      
8 0.0919 0.2719 0.4409 0.5936 0.7303 0.8695 1.0956 2.2656    
9 0.078 0.2313 0.377 0.5108 0.6306 0.7407 0.8639 1.0863 2.2649  
10 0.0672 0.1998 0.327 0.4454 0.5528 0.6493 0.742 0.8561 1.0781 2.2641
  L1 C2 L3 C4 L5 C6 L7 C8 L9 C10
  Inductor Input, RS=RL=1 Ω, f=1 rad/sec
Anritsu Test Equipment - RF Cafe
Windfreak Technologies Frequency Synthesizers - RF Cafe

Innovative Power Products Passive RF Products - RF Cafe

Noisecom