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Sam Benzacar of Anatech Electronics, an RF and microwave filter company, has published
his August 2022 newsletter that features his short op-ed entitled "The Millimeter-Wave
Debacle Revisited," where he discusses some of the realities that have impacted
the mm-wave portion of 5G systems - the two biggest of which are cost and
lagging technology (e.g., semiconductors) to support the scheme. Nascent 6G
plans which envision spectrum operation in realms above 100 GHz are saddled with
the same limitation (at least currently) as 5G. As always, Sam demonstrates a
keen awareness of the industry for which his company, Anatech Electronics,
services.
A Word from Sam Benzacar
The Millimeter-Wave Debacle Revisited
 By Sam Benzacar
One of the big reveals when the 5G standards were released was that it would
expand the frequencies used by wireless carriers well into the millimeter-wave spectrum,
a region previously used only by satellite communications, defense systems, point-to-point
microwave links, and some scientific applications. As I've noted previously in this
column, there are good reasons why few have dared to tread there, not the least
of which are extremely challenging propagation characteristics, very short range,
and the need to rely on complex technologies to make communications possible. I
found it interesting that, except for a few bold journalists, hardly anyone has
asked whether, with all these challenges, it will be economically feasible, at least
initially, to use these frequencies. But some researchers and financial organizations
have begun to ask this question, finally.
For proof of how expensive millimeter-wave deployment will actually be, consider
that back in 2019 Google conducted a study for the Defense Innovation Board to determine
how many millimeter-wave base stations will be needed. The researchers used 425 MHz of spectrum at 28 GHz and compared it with 250 MHz of spectrum at 3.4 GHz. They
deployed millimeter-wave infrastructure on 72,325 macro cell towers and rooftops,
and deduced that coverage would be available to just 11.6% of the U.S. population
at speeds at 100 Mb/s and 3.9% coverage at 1 Gb/s.
In comparison, at frequencies below 6 GHz, the same tower sites covered 57.4%
of the population at 100 Mb/s and 21.2% of the population at 1 Gb/s. Using a database
of utility poles in the U.S., they determined that using 28 GHz as the study frequency
about 13 million and $400 billion in capital expenditures will be required to deliver
100 Mb's to 72% of the U.S. population and 1 Gb/s to 55% of the population. Even
with the deep pockets of wireless carriers, this is an astronomical amount of money.
What's more disturbing is that the U.S. is an outlier as it concerns the use
of millimeter-wave frequencies, being almost the only country that is so heavily
invested in this region of the spectrum. This being said, the FCC has been feverishly
finding ways to squeeze more out of the frequencies below about 7 GHz as it is becoming
more clear than ever that relying on very high frequencies as a fundamental element
of 5G might be a great idea in the long run, but for the near future it's a Sisyphean
challenge.
Infrastructure Market Is Accelerating
 By any yardstick, deployment of 5G wireless
infrastructure is booming. The CTIA reports that the industry spent $30 billion
in networks last year, a 5-year high and the third year of increased capital expenditures.
And in the past five years, wireless carriers have spent nearly $140 billion for
a total investment of more than $600 billion, not including spectrum acquired at
auction. In the last two years, more cell sites have been added than the previous
7 years combined. The research group IDTechEx predicts that by 2031 45 million cells
will have been deployed, primarily for millimeter-wave frequencies.
Energy Harvesting Tag Start-up Gets Cash
 Wiliot, an IoT startup that has developed
low-cost Bluetooth sensors to manage inventory and reduce waste across grocery,
medicine, apparel and myriad other industries, has raised $200 million from SoftBank
Vision Fund 2. The company's battery-free sensor is the size of a postage stamp
and attaches to food packaging, vaccine vials, clothes, pill bottles, and thousands
of other products. The tags harvest power from Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth signals
and the stickers can sense temperature, fill level, motion, location changes, humidity
and proximity in real-time. Data is fed into a private Wiliot cloud server for analysis.
Part of Arlington, VA Is Getting "Smart"
 AT&T and JBG Smith, a developer of upscale,
mixed-use properties in the Washington, DC market, plan to create the first 5G smart
city at scale in National Landing1 in Arlington, VA, with first network infrastructure
deployments planned for the first half of next year. JBG Smith's National Landing
portfolio spans 6.8 million square feet of existing office space, 2,856 residential
units, and 7.2 million square feet of commercial, multi-family and retail development.
The company is also the development partner for Amazon's second headquarters and
master developer for Virginia Tech's forthcoming $1 billion Innovation Campus.
Vertical (X-Axis) Location Technology
 Vertical (Z-axis) location technology from NextNav
is coming to the nation's FirstNet nationwide public safety broadband networks soon,
according to the company. The solution is one of very few that have solved this
long-standing gap in positioning required so first responders can accelerate their
responses. Currently, cell site triangulation for 911 callers using mobile phones
from multi-story buildings is extremely difficult because the Z-axis accuracy is
wholly inadequate. Wireless carriers have agreed with the FCC to implement Z-axis
solutions from companies like NextNav and Polaris Wireless by April of next year.
Anatech Electronics Introduces a New Line of Suspended Stripline and
Waveguide Type RF Filters
Check out Our Filter Products
Cavity Band Pass Filters
LC Band Pass Filters Cavity Bandstop/Notch Filter
About Anatech Electronics
Anatech Electronics, Inc. (AEI) specializes in the design and manufacture of
standard and custom RF and microwave filters and other passive components and subsystems
employed in commercial, industrial, and aerospace and applications. Products are
available from an operating frequency range of 10 kHz to 30 GHz and include cavity,
ceramic, crystal, LC, and surface acoustic wave (SAW), as well as power combiners/dividers,
duplexers and diplexers, directional couplers, terminations, attenuators, circulators,
EMI filters, and lightning arrestors. The company's custom products and capabilities
are available at www.anatechelectronics.com.
Contact:
Anatech Electronics, Inc.
70 Outwater Lane
Garfield, NJ 07026
(973) 772-4242
sales@anatechelectronics.com
Posted August 18, 2022
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