Major Edwin Howard Armstrong: A Biography

Major Edwin Armstrong was an American electrical engineer and inventor who is widely credited with the invention of frequency modulation (FM) radio. FM radio is a method of radio transmission that uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity sound over radio waves.

Armstrong first developed FM radio technology in the early 1930s, after many years of experimentation with radio technology. FM radio offered many advantages over the existing AM radio technology, including better sound quality, less interference, and greater immunity to noise.

However, despite the clear advantages of FM radio, Armstrong faced significant opposition from the radio industry, which was heavily invested in AM radio and resistant to change. In the 1940s and 1950s, Armstrong engaged in a series of legal battles with the industry, fighting for the recognition and adoption of FM radio.

Sadly, Armstrong's life was plagued by personal and financial difficulties, and he suffered from depression. In 1954, he committed suicide by jumping from the thirteenth floor of his New York City apartment building.

Despite his tragic end, Armstrong's contributions to the development of radio technology have had a lasting impact. FM radio has become the standard method of radio transmission for music and high-fidelity audio, and is still widely used today in broadcasting, mobile communications, and other applications.

There are several biographies of Major Armstrong, including "Major Armstrong: Architect of FM Broadcasting" by Loren W. Acton and "Empire of the Air: The Men Who Made Radio" by Tom Lewis. These biographies detail his life, including his early experiments with radio technology and his invention of FM radio.

Major Edwin Armstrong was involved in several patent lawsuits during his lifetime, particularly in relation to his invention of frequency modulation (FM) radio. Here are some key examples:

Patent disputes with Lee De Forest: In the 1910s and 1920s, Armstrong became embroiled in a series of legal battles with the American inventor Lee De Forest over patents related to radio technology. Armstrong claimed that De Forest's patents were invalid and that he himself had made the key breakthroughs in radio transmission. The dispute was eventually settled in Armstrong's favor in 1934, after many years of litigation.

Patent disputes with RCA: In the 1930s and 1940s, Armstrong was involved in several patent lawsuits with the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), one of the largest radio manufacturers in the world. RCA had initially expressed interest in FM radio technology, but eventually abandoned it in favor of its own system, known as amplitude modulation (AM). Armstrong claimed that RCA had stolen his ideas and infringed on his patents. The legal battles between Armstrong and RCA were long and contentious, and included appeals to the US Supreme Court. In the end, however, RCA was able to use its greater financial resources to outlast Armstrong in court.

Personal financial difficulties: Throughout his life, Armstrong struggled with personal and financial problems. He invested much of his own money into developing and promoting FM radio, but he was unable to profit from it due to the opposition of the radio industry and the prolonged legal battles. In addition, Armstrong's wife suffered from mental illness and required expensive medical treatment, further draining his finances. These financial pressures may have contributed to Armstrong's decision to take his own life in 1954.

Overall, Armstrong's legal battles highlight the challenges faced by inventors and innovators in the face of opposition from established industries and powerful corporations.

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