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Bell Telephone Laboratories
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If you believe this October 1953 advertisement in Popular Science magazine, engineering at Bell Telephone Laboratories invented the wire-wrapping process. A little additional research shows that indeed it was a Bell Telephone engineering team led by Arthur Keller who developed the method and a wire-wrap tool to do the job. Field technician needed a fast, durable, and reliable electrical connection when making hundreds or thousands of splices at relay stations and while up on telephone poles. The key to making a good wire-wrap connection is sharp corners on the wrapping post so that the corner pushes through any oxidation or contaminant on the bare wire. NASA and the Department of Defense (DoD) have exacting workmanship standards to guarantee a rugged, durable electrical connection with low resistance, and imperviousness to contamination. In fact, properly formed wire-wrap connections are considered to be gas-tight. This same ad ran in a blitz in the October 1953 issues of Radio & Television News, Radio-Electronics and Popular Science. Bell Telephone Laboratories Ad
For years the accepted way to connect wires to telephone apparatus was with solder. Now, Bell Laboratories engineers have discovered how to make connections faster and better - without solder. Solder, they reasoned, wouldn't be needed if wire and terminal could be kept tightly pressed together. But, for economy, this had to be done with the wire alone - without complicating screws and springs. They found the answer in using a properly dimensioned terminal with sharp edges ... whipping the wire around it under high tension. The terminal bites into the wire, locking it securely into position. Thereafter the squeezed edges maintain a contact pressure of at least 15,000 pounds per square inch - even under vibration that cracks soldered joints. The new connections can be made in half the time - a big money-saver in the billion connections that Western Electric makes each year for the Bell System. It's another example of the way Bell Telephone Laboratories works continually to keep costs low. Bell Telephone Laboratories Improving Telephone Service for America Provides Careers for Creative Men in Mechanical Engineering A solderless connection, enlarged 12 times. Connections are more uniform than soldered ones and only half as bulky. Cross section of solderless connection. Note terminal biting into wire. In a six-turn connection there are at least 20 clean contact areas impervious to moisture and corrosive gases, and offering a low resistance path for current. Power tool whips wire on terminal in fraction of a second. There is no heat which could damage miniature components ... no dropped solder or wire clippings to cause trouble later on.
Posted January 17, 2024
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