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4 of the January 2022 homepage archives.
Friday the 14th
Dave Harbaugh did a number of different
humorous features for Popular Electronics magazine back in the 1960s and
'70s (see list at bottom of page). "Hobnobbing
with Harbaugh" was one of the more popular comic series he did. Article topics
ranged from husband-wife relationships where the husband is an über-enthusiastic
technophile of some sort and the wife has to put up with his crazy schemes and inventions.
These comics poke fun at technical schools and colleges, and their alumni. My favorite
is the "suicidal" waveform.
"A combined
team of researchers from the University of Arizona and MIT reports that
quantum radar might be able to boost the accuracy of radar systems more than
has been thought. In their paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters,
the group describes a new approach to developing quantum radar and the obstacles
that stand in the way of its development. Radar works by firing microwave radiation
at an object and then measuring the signals that bounce back from it. And while
quite effective for many applications, it still falls short for long-distance applications.
Over the past few decades, as scientists came to learn more about quantum entanglement,
some suggested it might be used to improve radar systems. And indeed, sending just
one of two paired photons to a target..."
This "Greek
Alphabet Quiz" created by Robert Balin appeared in the December 1963 issue of
Popular Electronics magazine. Years from now most people will probably
have forgotten about how prominently Greek letters appeared in the news in this
current era (2022) regarding the COVID-19 plandemic and the destruction caused by
politicians and others with power and financial agendas. Delta and Omicron variants
(but notably not Xi since it might offend the leader of the country of the virus'
origin) are the most publicized. For centuries prior, from a scientific and engineering
perspective we looked either positively or benignly toward Greek letters when assigning
them as unique identifiers for quantitative units or physical configurations. When
Robert Balin created this "Greek Alphabet Quiz" for Popular Electronics magazine
in 1963, he had no idea how the aforementioned people would manage to bastardize
the revered letters. No vaccination, mask, or social distancing is required while
working this quiz...
Amplifier Solutions Corporation (ASC), founded
in 2004 by a team of experienced engineers from Phoenix Microwave (M/A-COM), is
a designer and manufacturer of RF & Microwave hybrid amplifiers for the military
and commercial markets. Amplifier Solutions is proud to introduce our
ASC2437C RF Amplifier. It features a bandwidth of 100 to 1,800 MHz with
typical flatness of ±1.0 across the band, 42 dB of gain, and a 4 watt
power output. Maximum input power is 0 dBm. SMA connectors are standard with
DC feedthrough pins for the supply. 0 to 50°C operational temperature range. 1.00"
x 2.50" x 4.00". Please contact ASC today with your RF amplifier requirements. Our
engineers will be happy to assist you with application requirements...
Mackay Radio & Telegraph Company, established
in 1925 in Nevada by Clarence Mackay as a sort of spin-off of his father's Commercial
Cable Company, is not usually a name that comes to mind when recalling early communications
pioneers. Mackay was one of the earliest radio and telegraph companies, but also
is still in business today under the name of Mackay Communications, based in Raleigh,
NC. That makes Mackay one of the oldest electronics companies in the United States
and in the world. Congratulations to them for surviving the cut-throat realm of
corporate mergers, buy-outs, and hostile takeovers. As with nearly all technology
concerns during World War II, Mackay did its part to help the Allies beat back
the advances of Communism, Marxism, and Socialism by designing and manufacturing
state-of-the-art radio communications systems that would work reliably under fire
- literally...
RF Cafe's raison d'être is and always has
been to provide useful, quality content for engineers, technicians, engineering
managers, students, and hobbyists. Part of that mission is offering to post applicable
job openings. HR department employees and/or managers of hiring companies are welcome
to submit opportunities for posting at no charge (of course a gratuity will be graciously
accepted). 3rd party recruiters and temp agencies are not included so as to assure
a high quality of listings. Please read through the easy procedure to benefit from
RF Cafe's high quality visitors ...
Withwave manufactures an extensive line of
metrology quality coaxial test cable assemblies, connectors (wave-, end-, vertical-launch,
board edge, panel mount), calibration kits (SOLT), a
fully automated
4-port vector network analyzer (VNA) calibrator, between- and in-series connector
adaptors, attenuators, terminations, DC blocks, torque wrenches, test probes &
probe positioner. Special test fixtures for calibration and multicoax cable assemblies.
Frequency ranges from DC through 110 GHz. Please contact Withwave today to
see how they can help your project succeed.
Thursday the 13th
Only three and a half decades had passed
since the Wright Brothers made the first flight of an aeroplane taking off under
its own power when this "Landing
Blind" article appeared in a 1938 issue of Radio News magazine. By
then, an entire World War had been fought with air power having been determined
to be a primary strategic force, and a commercial airline industry was thriving
as travelers everywhere entrusted pilots and air traffic controllers with their
very lives. The main impediment to further progress from an navigational and scheduling
perspective was inclement weather. Pilots had long ago learned to fly by instruments,
and taking off into nearly zero visibility was not a problem, but landing confidently
and safely under the same conditions was still impossible. Aviation researchers
were hard at work...
Four months prior to the publishing of this
article, Radio-Electronics magazine ran a piece by the same author, Ralph
Hallows, asking the question Which - AM or FM? England Ponders. Here, Mr. Hallows
lays out the process by which the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and governmental
entities decided on
frequency modulation (FM) as the way forward in commercial broadcasting. You
will not be surprised to learn that the primary drivers were wider bandwidth for
greater fidelity and much high immunity to both manmade (QRM) and natural (QRN)
electrical interference. Tests employing the help of non-technical radio listeners
showed that the claim of off-tuning and frequency drift by small amounts did not
appreciably degrade the quality of reception and listening satisfaction...
"Operators of China's HT-7U reactor, known
as EAST (Experimental Advanced
Superconducting
Tokamak), have claimed a new fusion record, representing an incremental step
in the long road to commercial energy production. According to the official Xinhua
news agency, the EAST reactor was able to maintain stable plasma at high temperatures
for 1,056 seconds (17.6 minutes). That represents a significant improvement above
the previous record of 101 seconds set last year. EAST operates on deuterium, a
stable hydrogen isotope abundant in nature. The experiment at Hefei, the capital
of Anhui Province in eastern China, was directed by Gong Xianzu, a researcher at
the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Plasma Physics. Details are here.
EAST is among the nuclear fusion reactors located at the Chinese research institute.
The doughnut-shaped tokamak produces a high-temperature plasma controlled by powerful
electromagnets..."
When electronics was relatively new and accessible
to the common man, it was not unusual to find comical articles, poems, and even
odes to the trade and those who plied it. To be an
Electronics Technician was to wear a title of distinction, even awe. Radios
and TVs were still using tubes and had chassis with point-to-point wiring, and everyone
knew that the mysterious components within needed TLC to keep working optimally.
Much as RF and microwave electronics is still considered a "black art" by many people,
having any serious technical knowledge in circuit design, construction, and/or repair
could earn a fellow a decent living, even without a college degree. Technical schools
were popping up all over the country in the 1950s when this article was written.
You will get a kick out of this story...
Thailand's Office of National Broadcasting
and Telecommunications Commission is expanding its
R&S ARGUS spectrum monitoring system from Rohde & Schwarz with 26 additional
interference hunting vehicles. The technical parameters for the vehicles/mobile
stations and measurement equipment comply with ITU recommendations and guidelines,
enabling both manual measurements and radio frequency direction finding. Since 2014,
Rohde & Schwarz has supplied the NBTC with seven spectrum monitoring vehicles
that use the R&S ARGUS monitoring system, allowing them to keep pace with advances
in communications technology and the ever growing number of radio services. The
authority can use the system to verify compliance...
It might be hard to believe that at one time
there was cabinet-level debate in government offices regarding whether FM radio
should be permitted to encroach on AM radio's well-established presence in the commercial
broadcast radio domain. When this 1951 Radio-Electronics magazine article
appeared, stereo was not even part of the contest since neither AM nor FM had implemented
it. The primary points of contention were cost to purchase and maintain a receiver
(AM wins) and consistency and quality of the sound over a broad range of frequencies
and amplitudes (FM wins). Some argued frequency drift would cause FM to need constant
re-tuning even with crystal control. Four months later, the February 1952 issue
of Radio-Electronics reported on the winner in an article entitled "xM
Wins in British Tests" (don't want to kill the suspense) for you...
With more than 1000
custom-built symbols, this has got to be the most comprehensive set of
Visio Symbols available for RF, analog, and digital system and schematic
drawings! Every object has been built to fit proportionally on the provided
A-, B- and C-size drawing page templates (or can use your own). Symbols are provided
for equipment racks and test equipment, system block diagrams, conceptual drawings,
and schematics. Unlike previous versions, these are NOT Stencils, but instead are
all contained on tabbed pages within a single Visio document. That puts everything
in front of you in its full glory. Just copy and paste what you need on your drawing.
The file format is XML so everything plays nicely with Visio 2013 and later...
PCB Directory is the largest directory of
Printed Circuit
Board (PCB) Manufacturers, Assembly houses, and Design Services on the Internet.
We have listed the leading printed circuit board manufacturers around the world
and made them searchable by their capabilities - Number of laminates used, Board
thicknesses supported, Number of layers supported, Types of substrates (FR-4, Rogers,
flexible, rigid), Geographical location (U.S., China), kinds of services (manufacturing,
fabrication, assembly, prototype), and more. Fast turn-around on quotations for
PCB fabrication and assembly.
Wednesday the 12th
For the last two centuries our wars have
been fought to secure freedom from oppressive regimes, either for our own citizens
or for citizens of allied countries requesting our assistance. In the entire history
of the United States, no land has ever been claimed during or after the conclusion
of the conflicts. Although the human cost has been tragic - especially for those
who have lost family members or suffered injuries - one undeniable benefit has been
the advancement of technology. "Necessity," it has been said, "is the mother of
invention." World War II resulted in significant advances in wireless communications,
and the
civilian radio industry was quick to exploit the new devices and methods. Futurists
wasted no time prognosticating about how the postwar technology world would shape
up, and of course radio figured significantly into the vision. This 1945 article
from Radio-Craft magazine is an early example...
"European Union RoHS compliant commercial
lead-free electronics used in DoD electronics have an increased failure risk due
to
tin whisker short circuits unless properly mitigated by design. An electronic
assembly is created by integrating thousands of parts from multiple suppliers utilizing
a host of circuit card manufacturing processes. With the lead elimination from electronics
resulting from the European Union Reduction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) legislation,
many of the heritage aerospace and defense commercial off the shelf (COTS) solder
materials with tin–lead have become obsolete. Most notably there has been an increasing
cost and schedule pressure..."
Comics are a great source of levity to take
you away from the day's normal flow of events. My favorite comic strips contain
themes that relate to familiar scenarios or that catch me by surprise with their
message.
Technically themed strips like this collection from Radio-Electronics
magazine are particularly welcome, but I do not appreciate gratuitous meanness and
never care to see death, dismemberment, or gore. Call me a prude, but I'm shocked
sometime by what appears in the daily newspaper comic strips (yes, I still read
the comics - and work the puzzles - every day). There are plenty more comics where
these came from, so stay tuned if you like them, too. Come to think of it, maybe
the "Fast" in "Fast TV Service" on page 102 in the November 1958 comic is a double
entendre...
Anatech Electronics offers the industry's
largest portfolio of high-performance standard and customized RF and microwave filters
and filter-related products for military, commercial, aerospace and defense, and
industrial applications up to 40 GHz. Three new filter models have been introduced
- a
DC-1200 MHz / 1400-3000 MHz suspended substrate diplexer, an FDD LTE frequency
Band 1 downlink 2140 MHz WiFi bandpass filter, and a 2360-2420 MHz / 2435-2495 MHz
Cavity Duplexer. Custom RF power directional coupler designs can be designed and
produced when a standard cannot be found, or the requirements are such that a custom
approach is necessary...
Just as with the poor, the spies will always
be among us. This story reports on a bookstore in New York that during World War II
funneled money and technical information back to the Nazi Party in Germany. Electronics,
aerospace, and other technical publications (including Radio-Craft magazine)
were chief among the sought-after sources. The shop was a front operation which
lost a huge sum of money per the official accounting books, but had copious amounts
of funds pouring in from German "investors." Today's enemy money fronting operations
are largely radical religious and communist entities collecting funds from America-hating
groups and individuals who live and thrive here. Did you know it was during WWII
that Persia began being commonly referred to as "Iran," which has the same etymology
as the Aryan (the similarity in sound is no coincidence) movement that accompanied
Nazism? Both groups aspire(d) to eradicate the Jewish people from the face of the
Earth. The more things change, the more things stay the same...
It was a lot of work, but I finally finished
a version of the "RF & Electronics Schematic & Block Diagram Symbols" that
works well with Microsoft Office™ programs Word™, Excel™, and Power Point™.
This is an equivalent of the extensive set of amplifier, mixer, filter, switch,
connector, waveguide, digital, analog, antenna, and other commonly used symbols
for system block diagrams and schematics created for Visio™. Each of the 1,000 or
so symbols was exported individually from Visio in the EMF file format, then imported
into Word on a Drawing Canvas. The EMF format allows an image to be scaled up or
down without becoming pixelated, so all the shapes can be resized in a document
and still look good. The imported symbols can also be UnGrouped into their original
constituent parts for editing. Check them out!
Empower RF Systems is a global leader in
power amplifier solutions. Empower RF Systems is an established and technologically
superior supplier of high power solid state RF & microwave amplifiers. Our offerings
include modules, intelligent rack-mount amplifiers, and multi-function RF Power
Amplifier solutions to 6 GHz in broadband and band specific designs. Output
power combinations range from tens of watts to multi-kilowatts. Unprecedented size,
weight and power reduction of our amplifiers is superior to anything in the market
at similar frequencies and power levels.
Tuesday the 11th
This "Transient
Voltage Quiz" created by Robert Balin appeared in the October 1968 issue of
Popular Electronics magazine. Unless you have done a lot of circuit simulation
and/or measurement involving RC time constants, most of these circuit - waveform
combinations will probably be foreign to you. Voltages, resistance, and capacitances
are not given, so assume if there is more than one of any in a given circuit that
they are the same value. Also, a "steady state" is generally considered the time
of 5 RC time constants. For example if you have a 2 kΩ resistor and a 1 μf
capacitor in series, the time constant is 2E3 x 1E-6 = 2E-3, or 2 milliseconds.
Therefore, steady state is assumed to be 5 x 2 ms = 10 ms. It is probably
safe to infer the "1" and "2" on the graph horizontal scales represent 5 RC time
constants apiece. The actual numerical values and units of time are not important
here...
"A Chinese team said it had developed a
small but powerful laser device that could be used on a satellite, but would only
be deployed for non-destructive purposes. The device could be used in a wide range
of applications, including identifying a target, tracking, imaging and high-speed
communication, said project lead scientist Liu Chong, of the college of optical
science and engineering at Zhejiang University, in a paper published in the domestic
peer-reviewed journal Aerospace Shanghai last month. The device can generate a powerful
1 megawatt laser light and can fire 100 shots per second for nearly half
an hour without overheating in a space environment, according to its developers..."
A lot was happening in the worlds of science
and engineering at the end of 1961. The Space Age was in its early days, and everyone
was excited about the new opportunities access to space would provide. At the top
of the list in this Radio-Electronics magazine "News Briefs" feature was
the tragic
death of klystron co-inventor Sigurd Varian of Varian Associates. Although not
as widely reported as "The Day the Music Died" with the airplane crash and death
of Buddy Holley, Ritchie Valens, and The Big Bobber, Varian's demise was a sad day
for the RF engineering community. The 55th anniversary of commercial broadcast was
noted, as was the FCC's nixing of any plans for stereo AM radio broadcasting (stereo
FM was rapidly overtaking AM as the primary listening medium). Also, the U.S. Air
Force had recently scattered 350,000,000 tiny copper "hairs" (wires about 0,7" long)
into orbit 2,100 miles above the Earth...
With more than 1000
custom-built stencils, this has got to be the most comprehensive set of
Visio Stencils available for RF, analog, and digital system and schematic
drawings! Every object has been built to fit proportionally on the provided
A-, B- and C-size drawing page templates (or can use your own). Stencils are provided
for equipment racks and test equipment, system block diagrams, conceptual drawings,
and schematics. Unlike previous versions, these are NOT Stencils, but instead are
all contained on tabbed pages within a single Visio document. That puts everything
in front of you in its full glory. Just copy and paste what you need on your drawing.
The file format is XML so everything plays nicely with Visio 2013 and later...
Anatech Electronics (AEI) manufactures and
supplies RF and microwave filters for military and commercial communication
systems, providing standard LP, HP, BP, BS, notch, diplexer, and custom RF filters,
and RF products. Standard RF filter and cable assembly products are published in
our website database for ease of procurement. Custom RF filters designs are used
when a standard cannot be found, or the requirements dictate a custom approach for
your military and commercial communications needs. Sam Benzacar's monthly newsletters
address contemporary wireless subjects. Please visit Anatech today to see how they
can help your project succeed.
Monday the 10th
This "Circuit
Designer's Name Quiz" appeared in the July 1968 issue of Popular Electronics
magazine. As were most of the quizzes, it was created by Robert Balin. Many common
electronic circuits bear the name of their inventors. To test your knowledge of
these men and their inventions, match the diagrams (A - J) to the names
(1 - 10). Here is some background on the inventors and their circuits
that might make matching them a bit easier. The Clapp oscillator designed by J.K.
Clapp is a series-tuned variant of the Colpitts oscillator. The Eccles-Jordan multivibrator
is a bistable circuit designed by William H. Eccles and F.W. Jordan...
Having a great interest in the historical
aspects of my interests (electronics, airplanes, communications, etc.), I always
appreciate articles like
The Roots of Silicon Valley which appears on the EE Times website.
"In part 1 of this three-part series, we considered the birth of the transistor,
how William Shockley Jr. ended up in Silicon Valley, the origins of Fairchild Semiconductor,
how the pioneering startup was funded and what eventually happened to Shockley.
In part 2, we look at the evolution of planar technology, the 'family tree' of semiconductor
startups that evolved from Fairchild (the 'Fairchildren'),
including Intel, and the competition with Texas Instruments. Fairchild Semiconductors
Setting up shop on 844 East Charleston Road, on the border between Mountain View
and Palo Alto, founded in intrigue, Fairchild recorded a long history of innovation..."
The June 1945 edition of Radio-Craft
magazine published a death notice for diode electron tube ("valve" in British parlance)
inventor
Sir Ambrose Fleming. The date given was April 19th, but every source I can find
says he died on April 18th. With having been born on November 29, 1849, that made
the good fellow 95½ years old. According to a calculator on the TimeAndDate.com
website, that's a grand total of 34,900 days. Who's going to argue over a potential
0.00287% error, especially from back in a era when communications and fact checking
was not as easy as it is today?
Innovative Power Products (IPP), with more
than 30 years of experience designing & manufacturing RF & microwave passive
components, is pleased to introduce their
Model IPP-8036, a 300 watt, 50 dB isolation, surface mount dual directional
coupler that operates from 20 – 1000 MHz. The IPP-8036 is a unique broadband
design which provides separate coupled ports for both forward and reflected signals
with internal Terminations. This coupler is produced in a Surface Mount (SMD) package
size of 1.50 x 1.00 inches. Insertion Loss is less than 0.35 dB, main
line VSWR is less than 1.25:1, coupled flatness is ±1.5 dB and directivity
is greater than 20 dB. Delivery: Stock to 4 weeks. For pricing or additional
information, please contact the Sales Department...
I always look forward to another of John
Frye's "Mac's Radio Service Shop" techno dramas. They are always an entertaining
mix of interaction between Mac and his sidekick technician Barney, and a meaningful
lesson on troubleshooting circuits, dealing with customers, or interpreting electronics
industry news. Often it is a combination thereof. This installment entitled "Barney
Has a Birthday" appeared in the June 1948 issue of Radio News magazine;
it was one of the earlier stories. In fact, it is now that Barney is promoted from
a mere shop hand to a
fledgling electronics technician. Mac has been preparing him for the duty with
mentoring and assigning reading material. Mind you Barney is no rank amateur at
electronics because, in fact, he is a full-fledged radio amateur - a Ham operator...
RF Cascade Workbook is the next phase in the evolution of
RF Cafe's long-running series, RF Cascade Workbook. Chances are you have
never used a spreadsheet quite like this (click here for screen capture). It is a full-featured RF system
cascade parameter and frequency planner that includes filters and mixers for a mere
$45. Built in MS Excel, using RF Cascade Workbook 2018 is a cinch
and the format is entirely customizable. It is significantly easier and faster than
using a multi-thousand dollar simulator when a high level system analysis is all
that is needed. An intro video takes you through the main features...
Axiom Test Equipment allows you to
rent or
buy test equipment,
repair
test equipment, or sell or trade test equipment. They are committed to providing
superior customer service and high quality electronic test equipment. Axiom offers
customers several practical, efficient, and cost effective solutions for their projects'
TE needs and is committed to providing superior customer service and high quality
electronic test equipment. For anyone seeking a way to offload surplus or obsolete
equipment, they offer a trade-in program or they will buy the equipment from you.
Some vintage items are available fully calibrated. Please check out Axiom Test Equipment
today!
Sunday the 9th
This week's crossword puzzle for January
9th sports a
radar and radio theme. All RF Cafe crossword puzzles are custom made by me,
Kirt Blattenberger, and have only words and clues related to RF, microwave, and
mm-wave engineering, optics, mathematics, chemistry, physics, and other technical
subjects. As always, this crossword contains no names of politicians, mountain ranges,
exotic foods or plants, movie stars, or anything of the sort unless it/he/she is
related to this puzzle's technology theme (e.g., Reginald Denny or the Tunguska
event in Siberia). The technically inclined cruciverbalists amongst us will appreciate
the effort. Enjoy!
This assortment of custom-designed themes
by RF Cafe includes T-Shirts, Mouse Pads, Clocks, Tote Bags, Coffee Mugs and Steins,
Purses, Sweatshirts, and Baseball Caps. Choose from amazingly clever "We Are the World's
Matchmakers" Smith chart design or the "Engineer's Troubleshooting Flow Chart."
My "Matchmaker's" design has been ripped off by other people and used on their products,
so please be sure to purchase only official RF Cafe gear. My markup is only a paltry
50¢ per item - Cafe Press gets the rest of your purchase price. These would make
excellent gifts for husbands, wives, kids, significant others, and for handing out
at company events or as rewards for excellent service. It's a great way to help
support RF Cafe. Thanks...
Centric RF is a company offering from stock
various RF and
Microwave coaxial components, including attenuators, adapters, cable assemblies,
terminations, power dividers, and more. We believe in offering high performance
parts from stock at a reasonable cost. Frequency ranges of 0-110 GHz at power
levels from 0.5-500 watts are available off the shelf. Order today, ship today!
Centric RF is currently looking for vendors to partner with them. Please visit Centric
RF today.
These archive pages are provided in order to make it easier for you to find items
that you remember seeing on the RF Cafe homepage. Of course probably the easiest
way to find anything on the website is to use the "Search
RF Cafe" box at the top of every page.
About RF Cafe.
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