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Homepage Archive - November 2024 (page 1)

See Page 1 | 2 | of the November 2024 homepage archives.

Friday the 15th

Thursday the 14th

Wednesday the 13th

Electronic Navigation in Flight

Electronic Navigation in Flight, August 1962 Radio-Electronics - RF CafeThe AN/MPN-13|14 mobile radar system I worked on while enlisted in the U.S. Air Force was designed and fielded around the time this Electronic Navigation in Flight article appeared in a 1962 issue of Radio-Electronics magazine. It had been upgraded a few times by 1979 when I was in Air Traffic Control Radar Repairman technical school at Keesler AFB, Mississippi; however, the original system did not featured a Doppler capability. The fully RF analog system could not provide air traffic controllers with speed data, but it did use physical mercury delay lines to provide a stationary target (ground, and to some degree, rain, clutter) cancellation by inverting and summing a real-time radar...

Why Color-TV Makers Worry

Anxiety Amid Affluence: Why Color-TV Makers Worry, December 27, 1965 Electronics Magazine - RF CafeDecisions, decisions, decisions. As the title states, color television manufacturers were, in 1965 when this Electronics magazine article was published, finding themselves between a rock and a hard place, as the saying goes, regarding a change from vacuum tubes to transistors. The buying public (aka consumers) had mixed emotions about the newfangled semiconductors based at least partly on bad information about transistors. Transistors had been designed in various circuits for a decade and a half and were gaining rapidly in performance and reliability. The price was coming down, but as reported here, still cost $5 to $10 apiece compared to a $1 vacuum tube. Company management needed to decide whether to delay implementing the new engineering and production methods required to deal with transistors...

The 1st Virtual Meeting Was in 1916

The 1st Virtual Meeting Was in 1916 - RF Cafe"At 8:30 p.m. on 16 May 1916, John J. Carty banged his gavel at the Engineering Societies Building in New York City to call to order a meeting of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. This was no ordinary gathering. The AIEE had decided to conduct a live national meeting connecting more than 5,000 attendees in eight cities across four time zones. More than a century before Zoom made virtual meetings a pedestrian experience, telephone lines linked auditoriums from coast to coast. AIEE members and guests in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver, New York, Philadelphia, Salt Lake City, and San Francisco had telephone receivers at their seats so they could listen..."

The Osgood Lens

Osgood Lens from the August 11, 1917, The Saturday Evening Post - RF CafeFinding information on the Osgood Lens, invented by James R. Cravath, is challenging. For as prominent as it was in magazines like The Saturday Evening Post in the late 1910s and 1920s, there is not even a Wikipedia entry for the lens type or the man according to my searches. Although not exactly the same as the Fresnel lenses used by lighthouses since the 18th century, the concept is basically the same. Of course the Osgood company was careful not to use the term Fresnel in their literature for potential patent infringement reasons. Some vehicles might have been fitted with them as a factory installed option, but they were also sold as add-on items. According to the literature the tiered stack of prism-shaped glass directed the headlight beam toward the road...

Werbel 2-Way Splitter for 2 to 18 GHz

Werbel Microwave 2-Way Power Splitter for 2 to 18 GHz - RF CafeWerbel Microwave's Model WM2PD-2-18-N is a wideband 2-way in-line power splitter covering the continuous bandwidth of 2 to 18 GHz in a compact enclosure measuring 2.25 x 1.96 x 0.75 inches with type N female connectors. The device is RoHS compliant. Return loss 18 dB typical. Insertion loss 0.5 dB typical. Isolation 18 dB typical. Amplitude balance 0.32 dB typical. Phase balance 4° typical...

Reflect Forward Linearizer for Combined Amplifiers

Reflect Forward Linearizer for Combined Amplifiers - RF CafeRF Cafe website visitor Ray Gutierrez generously provided a paper for publication a few years ago, and now has provided a follow-on article on the subject of intermodulation product cancellation in RF amplifiers. Says Ray, "This paper is a continuation work for the "New High Efficiency Intermodulation Cancellation Technique for Single Stage Amplifiers." Published in January 2008 on RF Café's Paper section. The paper describes configurations for dual and multiple parallel amplifiers and uses the basic Reflect Forward technique for intermodulation cancellation. Some new improvements were made to the RFAL technique...

Tuesday the 12th

News Briefs

News Briefs, January 1962 Radio-Electronics - RF CafeThe January 1962 installment of Radio-Electronics magazine's "News Briefs" column begins with a wrap-up of the top stories from 1961. Included is the record 55 new satellites launched that year by the U.S. To put that in perspective, today, a rocket booster sometimes puts a couple dozen Starlink satellites into orbit on a single launch. Closed-circuit TV monitors for private homes were coming online - wired of course, not wireless. Today, wireless monitors are everywhere, and a small fraction of the cost of the early types. Color TVs were becoming a more common presence in households. In other news, audio loudspeaker innovator Peter Jensen passed away. A scheme for providing TV broadcasting to homes via satellites in geosynchronous orbit was in planning mode, which like Internet service, is ubiquitous...

Handling the Metric Prefixes

Handling the Metric Prefixes, July 1962 Radio-Electronics - RF CafeEven for those of us who were around when the "old" numerical prefixes became common parlance, it is difficult to remember having ever used them. Although my introduction to terms using kilo, mega, milli, and micro was not until about a decade after this 1962 Radio-Electronics magazine article was published, I remember my electrical circuit instructor in high school using the micromicro type prefixes, and some of the capacitors and inductors were marked thusly. After nearly forgetting about the old designations, about 15 years ago I began buying and reading these vintage...

Nanoscale Transistors

Nanoscale Transistors - RF Cafe"Silicon transistors, which are used to amplify and switch signals, are a critical component in most electronic devices, from smartphones to automobiles. But silicon semiconductor technology is held back by a fundamental physical limit that prevents transistors from operating below a certain voltage. This limit, known as "Boltzmann tyranny," hinders the energy efficiency of computers and other electronics, especially with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies that demand faster computation. In an effort to overcome this fundamental limit of silicon, MIT researchers fabricated a different..."

Alien Property Custodian of Confiscated Axis Patents

Alien Property Custodian (APC) of Confiscated Axis Patents - RF CafeThe Alien Property Custodian (APC), established by the United States during World War I and later reinstated for World War II, played a significant role in managing and seizing assets from enemy nations - particularly Germany, Japan, and Italy - under the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917. During and after WWII, the APC was responsible for handling foreign-owned intellectual properties, patents, and other assets in the U.S. that belonged to enemy nations, to ensure that these properties would not benefit the Axis powers. Alien Property Custodian and Patent Seizure Under the authority of the APC, the U.S. seized thousands of patents from companies and individuals in Axis countries. This included groundbreaking technologies in fields such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, engineering...

New Stunts with Short Waves

New Stunts with Short Waves, April 1935 Short Wave Craft - RF CafeAs with many relatively new technologies, the exuberance over radio peaked quickly once the benefits of communications over long distances without the need for wires was realized by the public. After a couple decades a lot of "authorities" began pontificating about how all the useful applications of radio waves had been discovered and that any new innovation would be merely incremental improvements in existing technology. Novel circuits for minimizing static over the radio or maybe building more powerful transmitters for longer range were the only concepts within reach of their limited imaginations. This 1935 issue of Short Wave Craft magazine reported on the beginnings of investigations into the use of radio waves for heating and treating food and other substances in a manner...

Monday the 11th

Bell Telephone Laboratories: Niobium Superconducting Magnet

Bell Telephone Laboratories: Niobium Supermagnet, February 1962 Radio-Electronics - RF CafeIn researching the use of niobium's use in superconducting magnets, as reported in this 1962 issue of Radio-Electronics magazine, I learned that the element's original name was Columbium (symbol Cb). Why "niobium," you might wonder? Its root is in Greek mythology, and concerns the family of Tantalus (after whom the element tantalum is named). Niobium is today used, amongst many other things, in the making of superconducting magnets, including those in MRI machines. There is a glaring lack of safety equipment and precautions here in this Bell Telephone Laboratories image of the scientists handling their superconducting brew...

Generative AI Massive E-Waste Problem

Generative AI Has a Massive E-Waste Problem - RF Cafe"Private investment in generative AI has grown from about US $3B in 2022 to $25B in 2023, and about 80 percent of private companies expect AI to drive their business in the next 3 years, according to Deloitte. Keeping up with the latest advancements means upgrading GPUs, CPUs, and other electronic equipment in data centers as newer, more advanced chips become available. And that, researchers project, will lead to an explosion in the production of electronic waste.. A study published last week in the journal Nature Computational Science estimates that aggressive adoption of large language models (LLMs) alone will generate 2.5M tons of e-waste per year by 2030. 'AI doesn't exist in a vacuum; it relies on substantial hardware resources..."

RIGOL RF Test Gear Sale!

RIGOL RF Test Gear Sale November 2024 - RF CafeHurry! Through the end of the year, RIGOL is running a sale on their finest lines of Oscilloscopes and Spectrum Analyzers. High-Resolution Oscilloscopes: Save up to 20% on DHO Series 12-Bit Resolution Scopes and select options. Spectrum Analyzers: Save up to 54% on select RF test equipment. Looking for other deals? Make sure to visit our Clearance page for deals on open-box, demo, and refurbished instruments...

Mac's Service Shop: Medical Electronics Servicing

Mac's Service Shop: Medical Electronics Servicing, October 1969 Electronics World - RF CafeIn his trademark style, electronics-themed storyteller John T. Frye used his Mac's Service Shop venue to introduce readers to another new development in the medical electronics field - the "ultrasonoscope." It was the forerunner to modern sonogram machines. Relatively recent advances in solid state electronics and signal processing techniques - albeit mostly analog in nature - made design and construction of compact devices practical and affordable by medical facilities. Unlike today where many doctor's offices have their own x-ray and sonogram machines, it was still mostly hospitals...

Veterans Day 2024: A Pittance of Time

Veterans Day 2023 (Snoopy copyright) - RF CafeA Pittance of Time - RF CafeThis is my annual Veterans Day tribute. On November 11 (the 11th day of the 11th month), at 11:00 am (the 11th hour), we observe two minutes of silence in honor of countrymen who "gave the last full measure of devotion." A Pittance of Time is performed by Canadian citizen Terry Kelly (he went blind at an early age). It was written after an experience he had in a store on Veterans Day in 1999. The piece is done in the finest Celtic tradition. In regard to the Communist and Fascist regimes where life and limb was sacrificed, have we thus far won the battles, but lots the war? Look around you.

Friday the 8th

Amphenol Polyfoam® Coaxial Cable

Amphenol Polyfoam® Coaxial Cable, January 1962 Radio-Electronics - RF CafeAmphenol's introduction of Polyfoam® dielectric material for coaxial cable represented a big improvement from both signal loss (attenuation) and velocity factor. This 1962 Radio-Electronics magazine advertisement promoted its virtues. Its previous dielectric was solid polypropylene having a dielectric constant of 2.26, whereas Polyfoam® claimed 1.50. Velocity factor (VF) is proportional to the inverse square root of the dielectric constant (k); i.e., VF = 1/√k. Hence VFpolypropylene = 0.620, and VFPolyfoam®= 0.816. The lower k value facilitates, for equivalent current handling, a smaller coaxial cable diameter with a lower weight, and is more flexible due to a "softer" dielectric. I could not find a breakdown voltage value for Polyfoam®, as compared to polypropylene's 30 kv-40 kV. Calculation of the characteristic impedance of a coaxial cable involves many parameters, all of which also affect...

Entertaining Uncle Oscar

Entertaining Uncle Oscar, August 1939 QST - RFCafePopular comic strips (aka "funnies") in the 1930s and 1940s featured numbskulls, ne'er-do-wells, and simpletons. There was usually one character in the strip's cast that was smart - at least in a relative way if not absolute. Being familiar with some of the old comics like Blondie, Barney Google, Krazy Kat, Beetle Bailey, Gasoline Alley, etc., I can see a definite relationship between the story line of "Entertaining Uncle Oscar" and the comics of the era in this short story that appeared in a 1939 edition of the ARRL's QST magazine. As you might guess, the feller named "Ham" is the smart one.

Zero Resistance Quantum Sandwich

Zero Resistance Quantum Sandwich - RF Cafe"Researchers have developed a new 'sandwich' structure material that exhibits the quantum anomalous Hall effect, enabling electrons to travel with almost no resistance at higher temperatures. This breakthrough could significantly enhance computing power while dramatically reducing energy consumption. The structure is based on a layered approach with bismuth telluride and manganese bismuth telluride, promising faster and more efficient future electronic devices. Quantum Material Innovations Scientists continually strive to boost computer power while minimizing energy..."

Engineering & Tech Headlines <Archives>

• Electronics Production Shows Decline

• IEEE Medal of Honor Prize Increased to $2M

• WHO Says Mobile Phones Not Linked to Brain Cancer

• Semiconductor Industry Revamped with Hybrid Bonding

• Q2 Telecom Equipment Revenues Slump 16%

Radio & Television News

Radio & Television News, October 1969 Electronics World - RF CafeElectronics World magazine for a while had a monthly feature titled "Radio & Television News." It was a roundup of top news bits. This particular month's collection had a lot of notable topics. On the heels of the Apollo 11 moon landing, NASA informs people of the many benefits research and development on necessary technologies that will redound to the commercial and consumer sectors. "Success with on-board computers in spacecraft contributes directly to the day when home computers take over hundreds of chores - from feeding the cat to reminding you of appointments... - and maybe keep your checkbook...

Thursday the 7th

Electronics-Themed Comics

Electronics-Themed Comics, March 1962 Radio-Electronics - RF CafeThese three technology-themed comics appeared in the March 1962 issue of Radio-Electronics magazine. Not everyone has access to the previous month's issue (February) to get in on the implied gist of the page 57 comic. Since I own a copy, I looked it up and can tell you the referred-to piece is from the Industrial Electronic Dictionary entry for the month, concerning "From pulsation welding to register control." The page 85 comic implies what to a certain degree is a non sequitur, since in fact in the early days of television, before all households had AC line power service (namely those in remote locations prior to the REA infrastructure build-out), some sets had a DC power option. It wasn't until the 1950s that nearly all farms had commercial power. Early Sears Roebuck catalogs had a large line of DC-power...

Rural Electrification Act (REA): A Brief History

Rural Electrification Act (REA): A Brief History - RF CafeThe Rural Electrification Act (REA) of 1936 was a landmark piece of legislation aimed at bringing electricity to rural areas across the United States, an effort that transformed agricultural communities and elevated the quality of life for millions. The REA was motivated by the stark contrast between urban and rural access to electricity during the early 20th century. By the 1930s, nearly 90% of urban homes had electricity, while only about 10% of rural homes enjoyed this amenity. This discrepancy hindered agricultural productivity, as farms could not benefit from the conveniences and efficiencies that electric power provided. It limited rural residents' access to labor-saving devices and electric lights, which were...

After Class: Speaking of Magnetism

After Class: Speaking of Magnetism - Part 1, August 1958 Popular Electronics - RF CafeFor some reason, a lot of people seem to have a harder time grasping the concepts of magnetism than the concepts of electricity. Maybe it is because most of the machines and appliances we are familiar with run off of electricity supplied by the electric utility distribution system - not the magnetism distribution system. The fact that motors, transformers, and relays, which are present in one form or another in every household, office, and factory, are as reliant upon magnetic effects as they are electrical effects is lost on the multitudes. At the most fundamental level, electric and magnetic circuit equations exist that are nearly the same, but with magnetism terms used rather than electricity terms; i.e., duality. This "Speaking of Magnetism" article in the monthly "After Class" section of the August 1958 issue of Popular Electronics magazine provides...

Google Applying AI Learnings to Telecoms

Google Applying AI Learnings to Telecoms - RF Cafe"Demand forecasting and anomaly detection are AI capabilities that Google sees as accelerating numerous additional use cases. A very material amount of all internet traffic, around 60% to 70%, runs through the Google Global Network. In reaching that scale, the company has learned a lot about using AI tools to manage the network with a high degree of automation, according to Naresh Rao, Google Cloud's head of telco analytics. And now, he said, CSPs are benefitting from those same as they continue on their own network automation journeys. Rao said use cases like demand forecasting, anomaly detection, root cause analysis and field operations management 'have been..."

Mariner Spacecraft: Explorers of Mars

Mariner Spacecraft: Explorers of Mars, September 1969 Electronics World - RF Cafe"Mariner" was the project name given to NASA's first fleet of interplanetary spacecraft, headed for both Venus (1, 2, 5, and 10) and Mars (3, 4, and 6 - 9). When Mariner 4 launched for Mars in 1964, it marked the first time mankind had successfully sent a probe to "the red planet." It radioed back Mars surface images at a resolution of 2 miles across. Fifteen missions later, we now have vehicles roving the Martian landscape drilling holes for soil samples, crunching rocks, sniffing the air and determining chemical compositions of the aforementioned, measuring temperature, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, seismic events, and perhaps most importantly testing for signs of life. Mariner 4's radio...

Wednesday the 6th

The Bridged-T

"The Bridged-T Filter, February 1964 Radio-Electronics - RF CafeThe bridged-T filter is a quick-and-dirty construct used to notch out a specific frequency that is interfering with a desirable frequency or band of frequencies. It is a resonant LC (inductor-capacitor) circuit consisting of a single inductor "bridging" a pair of series capacitors having a resistor to ground between them, or, if preferred, a capacitor bridging one or two inductors. A convenient nomogram (aka nomograph) is provided by the author in this 1964 Radio-Electronics magazine article for quickly selecting values, which was a very popular design aid in the pre-calculator era. A slide rule could be used to calculate a range of values when only a single variable was in play, but juggling more than one variable (component value) was greatly aided by a multivariable nomograph. Truth is nomographs can still...

Carl & Jerry: TV Picture

Carl & Jerry: TV Picture, June 1955 Popular Electronics - RF CafeTelevision, in 1955, was still a relatively new phenomenon to many - maybe even most - people. According to multiple sources, the portion of American households with a TV set went from under 20% in 1950 to nearly 90% ten years later in 1960. That was a meteoric rise, particularly considering the expense of even a minimal TV. The technology was not even available commercially when most people were born, so the rush to join in on the craze was akin to the mass adoption of cellphones in the 1990s. "Carl & Jerry" creator John Frye used his pair of electronics-savvy teenagers to help make the "magic" behind recreating a moving picture on a CRT miles away from where it was created. Water flowing through a garden hose has often been employed as an analogy for current flowing through a wire to explain electricity to laymen and beginning students of the craft. Here, it is not water flowing through the hose but water leaving the hose and flowing through the air that serves to represent an electron stream travelling from the electron gun to the phosphor-coated glass front of a CRT. Frame rates, scan lines, deflection coils, and other relevant terms are i

RF Front-End Tech Drives Automotive Innovation

RF Front-End Tech Drives Automotive Innovation - RF Cafe"The RF front-end (RFFE) industry, valued at $21 billion, is expanding beyond its traditional focus on mobile and infrastructure to drive innovation in the automotive sector. Each segment within the industry presents unique dynamics and growth opportunities. After a difficult 2022, the smartphone market is showing signs of recovery, with expected year-over-year growth of 4%, projected to reach 1.2 billion units by 2024. The mobile RFFE market is predicted to hit US$18 billion by the end of 2024, though it may face stagnation due to market saturation and pricing pressures. This market is expected to expand, with the 2027 launch of RedCap..."

Magnetoresistance: Better Than Hall-Effect Multipliers

Magnetoresistance: Better than Hall-Effect Multipliers, April 6, 1964 Electronics Magazine - RF CafeI'm having a hard time writing this with my eyes rolled back in my head. The last time I experienced this level of overwhelmedness was probably the third or fourth week of my feedback and control class at UVM. Even though electricity and magnetism shares many complimentary and parallel concepts, for some reason thinking in terms of magnetics when describing amplifiers, mixers, modulators, etc., has always caused brain freeze. Maybe it has to do with an ingrained bias due to my earliest dealings with circuits being from a technician background before earning an engineering degree. The equations of electric fields and magnetic fields are very similar so that helps lower...

Thanks to Temwell for Their Support!

Temwell (filters) - RF CafeTemwell is a manufacturer of 5G wireless communications filters for aerospace, satellite communication, AIoT, 5G networking, IoV, drone, mining transmission, IoT, medical, military, laboratory, transportation, energy, broadcasting (CATV), and etc. An RF helical bandpass specialist since 1994, we have posted >5,000 completed spec sheets online for all kinds of RF filters including helical, cavity, LC, and SMD. Standard highpass, lowpass, bandpass, and bandstop, as well as duplexer/diplexer, multiplexer. Also RF combiners, splitters, power dividers, attenuators, circulators, couplers, PA, LNA, and obsolete coil & inductor solutions.

Tuesday the 5th

What's Your EQ?

What's Your EQ?, February 1962 Radio-Electronics - RF Cafe Here we are with another set of three "What's Your EQ?" circuit challenges, these from the February 1962 issue of Radio-Electronics magazine. As usual, those challenges provided by Jack Darr are the purview of television servicemen of the era. The photo shown of the problematic CRT display looks like a chest x-ray or maybe hieroglyphics in the dark corner of a cave, but evidently the artifacts are readily identifiable to an initiated few. The Forbidden Current Path circuit answer is not what I thought it would be. I maintain that whether my answer or the designer's answer is correct depends on the physical...

New Wireless Data Rate Record Set

New Wireless Data Rate Record Set - RF Cafe"A new world record in wireless transmission, promising faster and more reliable wireless communications, has been set by researchers from UCL. The team successfully sent data over the air at a speed of 938 Gb/s over a record frequency range of 5–150 GHz. This speed is up to 9,380 times faster than the best average 5G download speed in the UK, which is currently 100 Mb/s or over. The total bandwidth of 145 GHz is more than five times higher than the previous wireless transmission world record. Typically, wireless networks transmit information using radio waves over a narrow range of frequencies..."

Sputnik: A Brief History

Sputnik: A Brief History - RF CafeSputnik refers to the first series of satellites launched by the Soviet Union. The word "Sputnik" means "satellite" in Russian. The launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957, marked a monumental moment in human history, heralding the dawn of the Space Age and sparking a fierce technological competition known as the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union. This satellite, the world's first artificial one, orbited Earth at an altitude of roughly 215 to 939 kilometers and broadcast a radio signal that astonished the world, particularly in the United States, where it spurred rapid advancements in aerospace and scientific research. The successful launch of Sputnik was an achievement that was years in the making, involving a combination of visionary planning, political motives, and intensive engineering by some of the Soviet Union's top scientists.

Blog: Air Quality Measurements with Particle Counters

Axiom Test Equipment Blog: Provide Essential Air Quality Measurements with These Particle Counters - RF CafeTranscat | Axiom Test Equipment, an electronic test equipment rental and sales company has published a new blog post entitled "Provide Essential Air Quality Measurements with These Particle Counters" that covers how particle counters can provide essential measurement capabilities that can help avoid contamination and support high manufacturing yields. These measurement tools can detect and measure microscopic particles suspended in air that can contaminate the most carefully planned manufacturing lines. Air particle counters can be designed for various...

Receiving U.S. Satellite Signals

Receiving U.S. Satellite Signals, March 1958 Radio News - RF CafeIn 1958, most people were not accustomed to seeing the now-familiar maps plotting sinusoidal courses of satellites across the face of the earth. It had only been in October of the previous year that any object other than the moon was in orbit around our home planet - that was U.S.S.R.'s Sputnik. Just as people of all ages and all backgrounds enthusiastically joined in the newfangled phenomenon of aeroplanes after the Wright Brothers flew their fragile craft at Kitty Hawk, electronics communications and scientists worldwide hopped aboard the satellite train. This article from a 1958 issue of Radio & TV News magazine provided insight into the construction and flight characteristics...

Thanks Again to LadyBug Technologies for Continued Support!

LadyBug Technologies RF Power Sensors - RF CafeLadyBug Technologies was founded in 2004 by two microwave engineers with a passion for quality microwave test instrumentation. Our employees offer many years experience in the design and manufacture of the worlds best vector network analyzers, spectrum analyzers, power meters and associated components. The management team has additional experience in optical power testing, military radar and a variety of programming environments including LabVIEW, VEE and other languages often used in programmatic systems. Extensive experience in a broad spectrum of demanding measurement applications. You can be assured that our Power Sensors are designed, built, tested and calibrated without compromise.

Monday the 4th

Radio and Television News - Predictions

Radio and Television News, January 1969 Electronics World - RF CafeWhat were some of the top issues of the radio and television industry half a century ago? In a lot of respects, the same things that concern it today. A ready supply of service technicians was a concern that was taken seriously by the Electronics Industry Association (EIA). While there are not many local repair shops for electronics products nowadays, there is still a huge demand to techs who are willing and able to do the hard work of keeping the world's communication infrastructure operational - climbing towers, repairing cell equipment. Now, as then, good pay, job security, benefits, and respect for the job being done were at the top of...

RIGOL Introduces Oscilloscope & Generator Lines

Impressive Performance at an Impressive Price: RIGOL Introduces Oscilloscope & Generator Lines - RF CafeIn a parallel to the traditional test setup of signal generation and signal acquisition, RIGOL Technologies announced today the latest additions to its portfolio of performance measurement equipment with the introduction of the DG5000 Pro Series Generators and DHO/MHO5000 Series Oscilloscopes. The DHO/MHO5000 Series bring next-level performance to RIGOL's respected line of high-resolution oscilloscopes, while the DG5000 Pro generators do the same for the company's capable Pro Series arbitrary waveform generators...

Basic Electronic Counting

Basic Electronic Counting, March 1958 Radio News - RF CafeWhen selecting articles for posting here on RF Cafe, I like to include ones that are directed toward newcomers to the field of electronics as well as for seasoned veterans. This piece from a 1958 issue of Radio & TV News magazine entitled "Basic Electronic Counting," is a prime example in that it introduces the concept of binary numbers. We've all been there at some point in our careers. A big difference between now and when this article appeared is that in 1958, almost nobody was familiar to binary numbers, and fuggetabout [sic] octal and hexadecimal. Only those relatively few people designing and working with multimillion dollar, vacuum tube-based digital computers installed in universities, megacorporations, and government research facilities had ever dealt with digital numbers. The earliest example of powers of two I remember was back in junior high school. It had to do with a

Art of Invention Constantly Reinvented

Art of Invention Constantly Reinvented - RF cafe"Every invention begins with a problem - and the creative act of seeing a problem where others might just see unchangeable reality. For one 5-year-old, the problem was simple: She liked to have her tummy rubbed as she fell asleep. But her mom, exhausted from working two jobs, often fell asleep herself while putting her daughter to bed. 'So [the girl] invented a teddy bear that would rub her belly for her,' explains Stephanie Couch, executive director of the Lemelson MIT Program. Its mission is to nurture the next generation of inventors and entrepreneurs. Anyone can learn to be an inventor, Couch says, given the right resources and encouragement. 'Invention doesn't come from some innate genius, it's not something that only really..."

Mechanical Filters

Mechanical Filters, April 1969 Electronics World - RF CafeMechanical filters of the type described in this 1969 Electronics World magazine article are yet another example of the genius of some people. They are actually a form of electromechanical device in that the applied electrical signals are first converted into mechanical signals, followed by resonant mechanical elements that discriminate according to frequency, and finally a conversion back to an electrical signal is made. It is fundamentally the same principal as a crystal, SAW, or BAW filter, albeit each with distinctly different methods and topologies. Mr. Donovan Southworth, of Collins Radio, presents the basics of mechanical filters in this brief write-up...

Thanks Again to LadyBug Technologies for Continued Support!

LadyBug Technologies RF Power Sensors - RF CafeLadyBug Technologies was founded in 2004 by two microwave engineers with a passion for quality microwave test instrumentation. Our employees offer many years experience in the design and manufacture of the worlds best vector network analyzers, spectrum analyzers, power meters and associated components. The management team has additional experience in optical power testing, military radar and a variety of programming environments including LabVIEW, VEE and other languages often used in programmatic systems. Extensive experience in a broad spectrum of demanding measurement applications. You can be assured that our Power Sensors are designed, built, tested and calibrated without compromise.

Friday the 1st

Electronic Test Paper

Electronic Test Paper, July 1963 Radio-Electronics - RF CafeAttempts at making an electronically printed facsimile (fax) of an original document at a location distant from the source have been around for quite a while. As mentioned by Radio-Electronics magazine editor Hugo Gernsback in this article, Samuel Morse had a crude working device for printing messages on paper even before his eponymously named code of dots and dashes became famous in 1837. A couple decades earlier, a fellow named John Redman Coxe, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, devised a method of electronically printing images and text on paper using a conductive solution and a direct current pile (aka battery). Dr. Coxe, a physician, is not a well-known figure in the electronics world, but in his day...

"Edge of Chaos" High-Performance Microchips

"Edge of Chaos" High-Performance Microchips - RF Cafe"Researchers have discovered how the 'edge of chaos' can help electronic chips overcome signal losses, making chips simpler and more efficient. By using a metallic wire on a semi-stable material, this method allows for long metal lines to act like superconductors and amplify signals, potentially transforming chip design by eliminating the need for transistor amplifiers and reducing power usage. A stubbed toe immediately sends pain signals to the brain through several meters of axons, which are composed of highly resistive fleshy material. These axons operate using a principle known as the 'edge of chaos,' or semi-stability, enabling the swift and precise transmission of information..."

Japanese Trade-Name Directory

Japanese Trade-Name Directory, August 1969 Electronics World - RF CafeThe January 1969 issue of Electronics World magazine published an extensive list of Japanese company trade names and their addresses. Many of them went out of business or were bought by other corporations long ago, as occurs in all countries. "Aiwa" is listed twice, but that might have been a legitimate duplication due to separate locations (BTW, I owned an Aiwa stereo at one time). My first "real" cassette tape deck was made by TEAC (founded in 1953 as the Tokyo Electro Acoustic Company) and my first "real" stereo receiver was made by Sansui. I remember the line in "Back to the Future 3" where Doc Brown, having time-travelled from 1955, makes a disparaging remark about a circuit in the DeLorean failing because of it being labeled "Made in Japan." Marty counters...

Engineering & Tech Headlines <Archives>

• ARRL Defends 902-928 MHz Amateur Radio Band

• FCC's Auto Safety Spectrum Rules

• $5M in U.S. Chips Act Money to Metrology Projects

• U.S. State Department Approves Surveillance Radar System Sale to Romania

5G Americas ITU IMT-2030 Vision for 6G White Paper

John Redman Coxe: A Short Biography

John Redman Coxe: A Short Biography - RF Cafe - RF CafeJohn Redman Coxe was a prominent American physician, scientist, and innovator born on September 20, 1773, in Philadelphia. Coxe's intellect and curiosity drove him toward an illustrious career in both medicine and early scientific exploration, which included experimentation in electrochemistry. He graduated with a degree in medicine in 1794, setting the course for his lifelong journey into medicine and early scientific innovation. Coxe broadened his approach to medicine and science, inspiring him to explore the convergence of scientific methods and practical applications. John Redman Coxe is most remembered not only for his contributions to medicine but also for his interest in experimental physics, particularly in the field of electrochemistry...

Thanks to TotalTemp Technologies for Continued Support!

TotalTemp Technologies - RF CafeTotalTemp Technologies has more than 40 years of combined experience providing thermal platforms. Thermal Platforms are available to provide temperatures between -100°C and +200°C for cryogenic cooling, recirculating & circulating coolers, temperature chambers and temperature controllers, thermal range safety controllers, space simulation chambers, hybrid benchtop chambers, custom systems and platforms. Manual and automated configurations for laboratory and production environments. Please contact TotalTemp Technologies today to learn how they can help your project.

Sally, the Service Maid

Sally, the Service Maid: The Case of the Silent Speaker, April 1944 Radio-Craft - RF CafeSally Mason was the soldering iron-wielding heroette (heroine sounds too much like the narcotic) of Nate Silverman's "Sally, the Service Maid" series that ran in Radio-Craft magazine during the years of World War II. As I noted in the previous episode, many of the nation's women were left behind to run their husband's, father's and/or son's electronics sales and repair businesses when they went off to save the world from aggressive Communists, Socialists, Maoists, Nazis, and other nasty types. Some of those ladies had already become very adept at troubleshooting, component replacement, and aligning radio and television sets, while some were left to learn at the School of Hard Knocks. Sally's father, Gus Mason...

 

 

Exodus AMP2103P-LC, 0.5–3.2 GHz, 1 kW Pulse SSPA

Exodus AMP2103P-LC, 0.5–3.2 GHz, 1 kW Pulse SSPA - RF CafeExodus Advanced Communications, is a multinational RF communication equipment and engineering service company serving both commercial and government entities and their affiliates worldwide. We are pleased to announce the model AMP2103P-LC, dual-mode (CW & pulse) amplifier covering 800 to 3200 MHz. 1000 watt peak pulse power, or 500 watts CW. Ideal for automotive pulse/radar EMC-testing & commercial applications. Pulse widths to 560 μsec, duty cycle to 10%, 60 dB gain, and outstanding pulse fidelity. Monitoring parameters for forward/reflected power in watts and dBm, VSWR, voltage, current, and temperature, with unprecedented reliability and ruggedness in a compact 7U chassis...

*Rotary Stepping Switches

Rotary Stepping Switches - They're Everywhere, December 1967 Radio-Electronics - RF Cafe

 

 

 

 

 

 

Werbel 2-Way Splitter for 500 MHz to 26.5 GHz

Werbel Microwave 2-Way Power Splitter for 500 MHz to 26.5 GHz - RF CafeWerbel Microwave's Model WM2PD-0.5-26.5-S is a wideband 2-way in-line power splitter covering of 500 MHz to 26.5 GHz with excellent return loss, low insertion loss, and high isolation performance. With ultrawideband performance, amplitude balance is typically 0.24 dB and phase unbalance is typically 2.6°. Insertion loss is low for the bandwidth, coming in at a typical 1.2 dB above 3 dB splitting loss. Return loss 16 dB typical. Isolation 18 dB typical. The device is precision-assembled and tested in the USA...

 

 

 

 

2024 ARRL Field Day Results Published

2024 ARRL Field Day Results Published - RF Cafe"Results are published, and the numbers are in. They paint a picture of a very active 2024 ARRL Field Day. Nearly 1.3 million contacts were reported during the 24-hour event. That is up from 2023's 1.25 million contacts. That's likely indicative of the continued rise of Solar Cycle 25 leading up to the event, but more people also participated this year. Entries were received from all 85 ARRL and Radio Amateurs of Canada (RAC) sections, as well as from 27 different countries from outside the US and Canada. 'It is encouraging to see a rise in participation year to year,' said ARRL Contest Program Manager Paul Bourque, N1SFE. 'ARRL Field Day is amateur radio's premier event, and the hams turned out for it..."

No Video for Satellite Direct-to-Cell

No Video for Satellite Direct-to-Cell - RF CafeAdmittedly, I mostly posted this because of the drawing. "While direct-to-cell (D2C) satellite communications were a big topic at the recent Brooklyn 6G Summit, the technology is already here, well before 6G's anticipated 2030 arrival. Apple and Google already offer D2C emergency messaging, and Starlink, T-Mobile and others are anticipated to follow. D2C satellite communications will be well established when 6G arrives. The 3GPP froze a 5G specification for Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) in Release 17 in March 2022, which means that NTN-compatible chips and components should be available now or soon. SpaceX has reduced the cost..."

Memristor Analog Switching Neuromorphic Computing

Memristor Analog Switching Neuromorphic Computing - RF Cafe"The growing use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based models is placing greater demands on the electronics industry, as many of these models require significant storage space and computational power. Engineers worldwide have thus been trying to develop neuromorphic computing systems that could help meet these demands, many of which are based on memristors. Memristors are electronic components that regulate the flow of electrical current in circuits while also 'remembering' the amount of electrical charge that previously passed through them. These components could replicate the function of biological..."

3D-Shield Electronics from ESD

3D-Shield Electronics from ESD"Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection is a significant concern in the chemical and electronics industries. In electronics, ESD often causes integrated circuit failures due to rapid voltage and current discharges from charged objects, such as human fingers or tools. With the help of 3D printing techniques, researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) are 'packaging' electronics with printable elastomeric silicone foams to provide both mechanical and electrical protection of sensitive components. Without suitable protection, substantial equipment and component..."

GPS Spoofing Threatens Global Aviation

GPS Spoofing Threatens Global Aviation - RF Cafe"Attackers in conflicts worldwide are jamming and spoofing GPS signals, making it more difficult for aircraft to navigate and putting them at risk of entering into hostile airspace. Attackers saturate GPS receivers in satellites, planes and other devices to make them unusable, Todd Humphreys, professor of engineering in the aerospace department at the University of Texas in Austin said in a keynote at the recent Brooklyn 6G Summit. These attacks have increased in recent years and will continue into the 6G era. This electronic warfare has recently spilled over from war regions into the civilian sector, Humphreys said. Jamming has..."

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

New Articles

11/13/2024 Radio-Electronics February 1963 "Multipath Distortion Menace to FM Stereo?"

11/13/2024 Radio-Electronics February 1963 "What's Old"

11/11/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1967 "R-E Puzzler"

11/11/2024 Radio-Electronics March 1968 "Non-Linear Systems, Inc. NLS X-3 Multifunction Instrument"

11/11/2024 Radio-Electronics March 1968 "In the Shop ... With Jack"

11/11/2024 Radio-Electronics March 1968 "How to Build a Crossover Network"

11/11/2024 Radio-Electronics March 1968 "Horseflies, Tractors and Mr. Kirchhoff"

11/7/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1967 "Man's World? Not to These Women!"

11/6/2024 Radio-Electronics August 1968 "Shortwave - Your Ear on the World"

11/6/2024 Radio-Electronics August 1968 "Antennas for Mobile Radio"

11/4/2024 Radio-Electronics December 1962 "Senseless Orbiting"

11/1/2024 Radio-Electronics May 1966 "Color TV Has a Problem"

11/1/2024 Radio-Electronics May 1966 "Your Future in Microwave"

11/1/2024 Radio-Electronics May 1966 "How to Read Capacitor Codes"

10/31/2024 Radio-Electronics September 1966 "The Universe of Communications"

10/31/2024 Radio-Electronics September 1966 " "And/Or ... Nand/Nor" ... Computer Talk"

10/31/2024 Radio-Electronics September 1966 "Making Modulation Easy to Understand"

10/30/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1964 "Flying Saucers - Myth or Fact?" flying-saucers-radio-electronics-november-1964.htm The book mentioned in the article is here: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/66639/66639-h/66639-hhtm Used books are available from various sources: https://www.addall.com/used/

10/30/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1964 "Meters for Beginners" measurement-meters-radio-electronics-november-1964.htm

10/29/2024 Radio-Electronics October 1969 "New & Timely" gravity-phenomena-magnetic-bubbles-radio-electronics-bursts-october-1969.htm

10/28/2024 Radio-Electronics August 1966 "ABC's of Color TV"

10/28/2024 Radio-Electronics September 1964 "Capitol Radio Engineering Institute Ad"

10/28/2024 Radio-Electronics September 1964 "The Picturephone in Your Future"

10/28/2024 Radio-Electronics September 1964 "Radio-Electronics Goes to the World's Fair" In this is mentioned "...Picturephones so visitors can talk to - and see-each other. (See July Radio-Electronics, page 6.)" This is under News Briefs and the page is ready.

10/28/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1964 "News Briefs" This is referenced in September 1964 "Radio-Electronics Goes to the World's Fair"

10/23/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1963 "Weather Radar Makes Flying Safer"

10/23/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1963 "Major Improvements for Short-Wave Reception"

10/21/2024 Radio-Electronics March 1966 "RCA Home Training Technicians"

10/21/2024 Radio-Electronics April 1964 " Electronic Failures in Space"

10/21/2024 Radio-Electronics April 1964 " Printed Circuits for Everyone"

10/17/2024 Radio-Electronics December 1966 "Tech Notes: New Storage Battery Could Bring Back Electric Autos"

10/17/2024 Radio-Electronics January 1963 "Here Comes the Laser"

10/17/2024 Radio-Electronics January 1963 "Television and Sound"

10/17/2024 Radio-Electronics February 1966 " Electromagnetic Interference"

10/14/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1963 "General Electric Christmas Ad"

10/14/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1963 "Do You Know the Law?"

110/14/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1963 "Microelectronics: The Thin Film Approach"

10/11/2024 Radio-Electronics October 1964 "Reverberation and Ambiophony"

10/11/2024 Radio-Electronics October 1964 "Mallory - Tips for Technicians"

10/10/2024 Radio-Electronics February 1964 "The G-Line Transmission Line"

10/10/2024 Radio-Electronics October 1964 "Televising the Moon"

10/8/2024 Radio-Electronics February 1964 "The Biggest Telescope on Earth is IN the Earth"

10/4/2024 Radio-Electronics February 1964 "Space Handicaps"

10/3/2024 Radio-Electronics December 1969 "Careers in Electronics"

10/2/2024 Radio-Electronics June 1963 "Winegard Colorton Antenna"

10/2/2024 Radio-Electronics June 1963 "Mallory - Tips for Technicians: Replacing Selenium with Silicon Rectifiers"

10/1/2024 Radio-Electronics June 1963 "G-Line" Single-Wire, Low Loss Transmission Line"

9/30/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1964 "Log Periodic V"

9/25/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1964 "Multiple-Beam Klystron Pushes Back Microwave Frontiers"

9/25/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1964 "Decibels Debugged"

9/23/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1964 "Electronics' Future"

9/23/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1964 "Private Brands - Who Makes 'em?"  

9/19/2024 Radio-Electronics May 1968 "Operational Amplifier Basics"

9/16/2024 Radio-Electronics October 1966 "A Shortage of Service Technicians"

9/16/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1966 "Guitar Amplification in the Atkins Style"

9/12/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1966 "What's Next for Television?"

9/12/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1966 "World's Most Expensive FM Tuner"

9/12/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1966 "Marantz - Music at its Very Best"

9/11/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1966 "Color Television Systems: Which Way Will Europe Go?"

9/10/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1966 "The Military Electronic Specialist Gap"

9/10/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1966 "Vectors Show How Circuits Work"

9/9/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1962 "JFD Electronics Corporation Log-Periodic LPV TV Antenna"  

9/6/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1962 "How Good is Radar Jamming?"

9/6/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1962 "Telstar-I Results"

9/5/2024 October 1963 "Inventors of Radio: Alexander Stepanovitch Popoff"

9/5/2024 Radio-Electronics October 1963 "Electronic Weather Control"

9/4/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1969 "MOSFETS Part 1 - What They Are. How They Work"

9/4/2024 Popular Science 1966 "Popular Science Book Club 20-in-1 Shop Guide"

9/3/2024 Popular Science January 1967 "GM Makes an Electric Corvair"

9/3/2024 Popular Science January 1967 "PS Readers Talk Back: World's Longest Radio Antenna"

9/3/2024 Popular Mechanics March 1969 " Now You Can 'See' Tornadoes on TV!"

8/30/2024 Popular Science July 1963 "Dr. Wernher von Braun Lays the Cards on the Table: Can We Ever Go to the Stars?"

8/30/2024 Popular Science January 1963 "Dr. Wernher von Braun Answers Your Questions About Space"

8/28/2024 Radio-Electronics October 1962 "Inventors of Radio: Heinrich Rudolf Hertz"

8/27/2024 Radio-Electronics October 1962 "Electronics in 2012 AD"

8/10/2024 Mechanix Illustrated March 1965 "A Guide to Hand Saws"

5/23/2024 Radio-Electronics May 1967 "What's Your EQ?"

5/22/2024 Radio-Electronics May 1967 "News Briefs"

5/20/2024 Radio-Electronics January 1968 "Imaginary Numbers Are a Cinch - Part 2"

5/20/2024 Radio-Electronics December 1967 & January 1968 "Comics"

5/20/2024 Radio-Electronics December 1967 "Rotary Stepping Switches - They're Everywhere"

5/16/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1967 "What You Should Know About X-Ray Radiation in TV Sets"

5/7/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1967 "Rotary Stepping Switches - They're Everywhere"

5/7/2024 Radio-Electronics November 1967 "Hugo Gernsback Obituary"

5/7/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1962 "Our Patent Problem - A Proposed Solution"

5/3/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1962 "Electronics-Themed Comics"

5/3/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1962 "Mallory - Tips for Technicians" Ready

5/3/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1962 "News Briefs"

5/1/2024 Radio-Electronics July 1962 "What's Your EQ?"

5/1/2024 Radio-Electronics August 1962 "Bell Telephone Laboratories­­­"

5/1/2024 Radio-Electronics August 1962 "News Briefs"

5/1/2024 Radio-Electronics August 1962 "Electronics-Themed Comics"

5/1/2024 Radio-Electronics January 1962 "Electronics-Themed Comics"

4/26/2024 Radio-Electronics January 1962 "What's Your EQ?"

4/26/2024 Radio-Electronics February 1962 "Electronics-Themed Comics"

These archive pages are provided in order to make it easier for you to find items that you remember seeing on the RF Cafe homepage. Of course probably the easiest way to find anything on the website is to use the "Search RF Cafe" box at the top of every page. About RF Cafe. I also have an extensive list of Recently Added topics.

Homepage Archive Pages

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