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 John Comstock created many crossword puzzles
for Radio & TV News magazine, and a couple others, in the 1950s and
1960s. This one titled "Test
Equipment Teaser," appeared in the March 1959 issue. It is not a densely populated
grid with complex intersections of crossing words (unlike the RF Cafe crossword
puzzles, which do have them), but at least with this kind, all of the words and
clues are directly related to electronics and technology (like RF Cafe crosswords).
Anyway, it shouldn't take you too long to zip through this one. The only clue/word
that might give you trouble is 32 Across. Enjoy...
 Exodus Advanced Communications'
representatives, in discussions during last month's EMV (Elektromagnetische
Verträglichkeit) show in Cologne, had many attendees express interest in
receiving an Exodus brochure covering our RF amplifier solutions for
drone (UAS) applications. Exodus
supports defense contractors with a family of RF amplifier modules optimized for
UAV, drone, mobile, and fixed Counter-UAS platforms. At the center of this
portfolio is the
AMP10008, an ultra-lightweight solid-state RF amplifier
module that demonstrates what is possible when SWaP is treated as a primary
design driver rather than a compromise...
 The cover of this month's Radio &
Television News magazine is part of the issue's story on performance testing
of resistors. The author was an engineer for
International Resistance Company (IRC), which is still in business
as part of TT Electronics. The massive ovens were used for load-life testing to
certify resistor products for both military and commercial uses. When required,
humidity enclosures subjected resistors to increased levels to test for insulation
breakdown at high voltage. As the article observes, since a 10-cent resistor can
take down a multi-thousand system, it is important to guarantee every component's
integrity...
 Werbel Microwave is a manufacturer of RF
directional and bidirectional couplers (6 dB to 50 dB) and RF power dividers
/ combiners (2- to 16-way) with select models operating up to 26.5 GHz and
100 W of CW power (3 kW peak). All are RoHS and REACH compliant and are
designed and manufactured in our Whippany, NJ, location. Custom products and private
label service available. Please take a couple minutes to visit their website and
see how Werbel Microwave can help you today.
 RF Cafe's spreadsheet-based engineering
and science calculator,
Espresso
Engineering Workbook™, is a collection of electrical engineering and physics
calculators for commonly needed design and problem solving work. The filter calculators
do not just amplitude, but also phase and group delay (hard to get outside of a
big $$$ simulator). It is an excellent tool for engineers, technicians, hobbyists,
and students. Equally excellent is that Espresso Engineering Workbook™ is provided
at no cost, compliments of my generous sponsors. 49 worksheets to date...
 Although the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
on December 7, 1941, was a complete surprise and shock to the nation, that fact
that the United States would eventually be drawn officially into World War II
was well known. The amateur radio community had begun talking about the potential
impact on radio communications hobbyists earlier in the year, as evidenced by articles
printed in QST and other magazines. Within a couple weeks of Congress declaring
war, all unauthorized transmissions from Ham stations were terminated in order to
prevent both intentionally and unintentionally conveyance of information that could
proves useful by the enemy. Along with being a patriotic bunch that were eager to
help defeat Axis powers, they also...
 Here, for your work-week enjoyment, are
a half dozen
electronics-themed comics that appeared in the January 1950 edition of Radio &
Television News magazine. When is the last time you saw a comic in a technical
magazine? I particularly like the one with the "green worm" displaying on the television.
There is a list of other comics at the bottom of the page...
 If this Radio-Craft magazine article
is accurate, it was sometime around 1935 that the
8-pin glass-encased vacuum tube base came into existence. The
glass-metal designation refers to these being glass enclosed equivalents to otherwise
metal encased vacuum tubes. Evidently, the relatively new (and expensive) line of
metal tubes sported 8-pin bases so these glass tube designs had to conform in order
to be suitable substitutes...
 If some of the images in this issue of
Electronics Illustrated magazine were made within the last couple years,
I would swear they were AI-generated. Surely, there are not really
people as stupid as those shown here... but, alas, there apparently are. These
photos were published in 1960. The ARRL has always published recommended safety
practices - particularly regarding high voltages from overhead power lines and lightning
strikes. How anyone, like the guy in the first photo, could ever even considering
standing on a ladder and sticking his arm between even the 240-volt house supply
line from the utility pole - without even a current-limiting device like a fuse
or circuit breaker inline - is beyond comprehension. Clearly, the antenna already
installed...
 This episode of "Mac's Radio Service Shop" goes down a drastically different path
than most, at least until the very end where a completely unrelated anecdote about
interference with a remote garage door opener is told by Mac. Although the exact
issues chanted by electronics technician cum repairman Barney Gallagher regarding
many manufacturers' penchant for designing and selling unserviceable equipment is
dated, the principle remains the same. We have all wished a designer had to service
the product he/she has designed and sold to us...
 "Ten
U.S. researchers and scientists have reportedly died or disappeared over the past
33 months amid increasing speculation about the cause of some of the disappearances,
according to news coverage. Steven Garcia, a 48-year-old government contractor who
allegedly had top-level clearance at a key nuclear facility disappeared in August
2025 after reportedly leaving behind his phone, wallet and keys, taking a gun and
leaving his home in New Mexico on foot, NewsNation reported Thursday. Moreover,
retired Air Force Maj. Gen. William Neil McCasland similarly went missing on Feb.
27 after leaving his home in Albuquerque on foot, the outlet reported. Eight other
well-known scientists and researchers..."
 For the sake of avid cruciverbalists amongst
us, each week I create a new crossword puzzle. All
RF Cafe
crossword puzzles are custom made by me, Kirt Blattenberger, and have only words
and clues related to RF, microwave, and mm-wave engineering, optics, mathematics,
chemistry, physics, and other technical subjects. As always, this crossword contains
no names of politicians, mountain ranges, exotic foods or plants, movie stars, or
anything of the sort unless it/he/she is related to this puzzle's technology theme
(e.g., Reginald Denny or the Tunguska event in Siberia). The technically inclined
cruciverbalists amongst us will appreciate the effort. Enjoy!
 Here is
Bendix
Models 636A, C, D schematic and parts list as featured in a 1947 edition of
Radio News magazine. No operational or alignment information was provided. The 636A
is a tabletop radio using five vacuum tubes in the detector and amplifier stages,
and a single vacuum tube rectifier in the power supply. Its shiny Bakelite cabinet
sported an Art Deco style, which was popular back in the day. The images to the
left are from a recent eBay listing, for $60, where the seller says it is in working
condition. As mentioned many times in the past, I post these online for the benefit
of hobbyists looking for information to assist in repairing or restoring vintage
communication equipment...
 Johanson Dielectrics has been a worldwide
producer of high quality ceramic chip capacitors for over 60 years. We design and
manufacture capacitors in a state-of-the-art facility in Camarillo, CA. Standard
and high voltage SMT ceramic chip capacitors, as well as a variety of standard and
custom high voltage & high capacitance value ceramic capacitors.
 The 1958-59
International Geophysical Year was an unprecedented eighteen-month global scientific
initiative involving 30,000 participants from 66 nations who invested up to 1.5
billion dollars to study Earth's interior, oceans, and atmosphere. Utilizing military
rockets and emerging satellite technology, researchers achieved major breakthroughs,
most notably Dr. James Van Allen's discovery of the radiation belts surrounding
Earth and enhanced understanding of ionospheric radio propagation, solar flares,
and geomagnetism. While the project aimed to improve communications...
 When I first saw an
Erie Resistor Corporation advertisement in the December 1958 issue
of Popular Electronics, I decided to research its history here in Erie,
Pennsylvania, where I live. Click on that hyperlink if you are interested in what
I discovered. This advertisement appeared in the January 1952 issue of Radio &
Television News magazine, so I figured I'd post it as well...
 Windfreak Technologies is proud to announces
the availability of our
FT108, an innovative
programmable bidirectional filter bank spanning a frequency range of 5 MHz
to 8 GHz in 15 bands. Band selection can be controlled through USB, UART or
at high speeds through powerful triggering modes. Each unit is factory tested via
network analyzer with unique data stored in the device to help with its use. Crossover
frequencies are stored so the user can send a frequency command and the FT108 will
utilizes Intelligent Band Selection logic to automatically toggle the optimal
filter path based on minimum insertion loss. Readback of FT108 insertion loss at
any frequency between crossover points allows for easy amplitude leveling...
 An article title with both "radar" and "Great
Lakes" in the title is sure to catch my attention, as did this. Author Norman Schorr
reports on the state of the art of radar equipment and usage for the purpose of
maritime navigation. Research and development, along with an ample
surplus of components left over from World War II facilitated a rapid adaptation
of radar to many venues. Included among its applications were airway and waterway
navigation, rocket trajectory tracking, security systems, speed measurement, weather
observation, and aerial mapping...
 Johanson Technology (originally part of
Johanson Dielectrics), located in Camarillo, CA, has for over 25 years designed
and manufactured high quality RF & microwave ceramic chip capacitors, inductors
and integrated passives. These includes chip-format antennas, capacitors, lowpass,
highpass, and bandpass filters, couplers, inductors, baluns, power dividers, substrates,
chipsets.
 Details the evolution of infrared technology,
tracing its origins from William Herschel's 1800 discovery to its deployment in
military and industrial sectors, are presented in this 1959 Radio &
TV News magazine article. It emphasizes the shift from active, illuminating
systems to passive, sensitive detectors capable of identifying thermal signatures
in total darkness. The piece highlights infrared's superior resolution compared
to radar, noting its utility in applications ranging from missile guidance and ballistic
tracking to industrial quality control and chemical analysis. Since the publication
of this article, infrared technology has achieved remarkable sophistication, evolving
from bulky lab instruments into the invisible, ubiquitous...
 An ample supply of surplus coaxial cable
after the end of World War II provided an inexpensive and easy to use form
of transmission line. Not having to worry about cable routing and unintentional
radiation makes transitions through walls, running along metal surfaces, and routing
high power transmission lines near habitable areas a no-brainer. Issues like power
handling, bend radius, and higher attenuation need more attention during the installation
design phase, but that pales in comparison to coaxial cable's advantages. Author
Byron Goodman addresses some of the issues Hams accustomed to using
flat
transmission lines...
 Not surprisingly, there is a website dedicated
to only the
Regency TR-1 transistor radio and its history from development
through retail sales. As reported in this January 1955 issue of Radio and Television
News, The TR-1 was the world's first commercially available, fully transistorized
portable radio. A complete schematic and functional description is provided. It
used four germanium transistors and operated on a 22-1/2 volt battery, which provided
about twenty hours of listening pleasure. The unit weighed eleven ounces and cost
$49.95...
 This
is a must-read article for all persons interested in the history of wireless communications.
Seriously. Stop what you are doing and read it. I guarantee the vast majority have
never heard of this challenge to the veracity of
Mr. Guglielmo Marconi's bestowed title of "father of wireless
telegraphy." Most of us are at least passingly familiar with challenges to Samuel
Morse's, Thomas Edison's, and a few other notables' claims to being the first at
a particular technical breakthrough, but herein, as penned by of
Lieutenant-Commander Edward H. Loftin, is a first-hand account
of multiple successful challenges by the U.S. Patent Office against...
 ConductRF is continually innovating and
developing new and improved solutions for RF Interconnect needs. See the latest
TESTeCON RF Test Cables
for labs. ConductRF makes production and test coax cable assemblies for amplitude
and phased matched VNA applications as well as standard & precision RF connectors.
Over 1,000 solutions for low PIM in-building to choose from in the iBwave component
library. They also provide custom coax solutions for applications where some standard
just won't do. A partnership with Newark assures fast, reliable access. Please visit
ConductRF today to see
how they can help your project!
 This nomograph from a 1959 issue of
Radio & TV News magazine simplifies matching a source (sending - s) impedance
(Zs) and a load (receiving - r) impedance (Zr) using a
quarter-wave transmission line. To use it, locate your Zs value on the left
vertical scale and your Zr value on the right scale. Lay a straightedge across these
points; the intersection with the center vertical scale reveals the required surge
impedance - also called characteristic impedance - (Z0). Surge impedance is the
ratio of voltage to current for a wave traveling along an infinite transmission
line, dictated by the physical geometry and dielectric properties of the cable,
defined as Z0 = sqrt (L/C), where L is inductance per unit length and C is
capacitance per unit length. The quarter-wave transformer relies...
 Here is a batch of
electronics-themed comics that appeared in the January 1949 edition
of Radio & Television News. The scene seen (hey,
homonyms) on the page 138 comic was commonplace in the 1940s when televisions
were relatively new and not every household had a set. The scenario repeated itself
in the 1960s when color sets were hitting the consumer market. Now, people can watch
TV on their smartphones while not at home so gathering 'round the television display
in a store is relegated pretty much to little kids watching the Disney movies that
seem to always running on them. There is a growing list of other comics at the bottom
of the page...
|
 • U.S.
Manufacturing Sector Flexes Its Muscles
• Meta to Ax
10% of Workforce Being Replaced w/AI
• Middle East Conflict
Rewiring Global Supply Chains
• Ham
HOA Antenna Protection in Indiana
• FCC Expands
Use of Broadband Spectrum
 The
RF Cafe Homepage Archive
is a comprehensive collection of every item appearing daily on this website since
2008 - and many from earlier years. Many thousands of pages of unique content have
been added since then.
 One aspect of advertising on the RF Cafe
website I have not covered is using
Google AdSense.
The reason is that I never took the time to explore how - or even whether it is
possible - to target a specific website for displaying your banner ads. A couple
display opportunities have always been provided for Google Ads to display, but the
vast majority of advertising on RF Cafe is done via private advertisers. That is,
companies deal with me directly and I handle inserting their banner ads into the
html page code that randomly selects and displays them. My advertising scheme is
what the industry refers to as a "Tenancy Campaign," whereby a flat price per month
is paid regardless of number of impressions or clicks. It is the simplest format
and has seemed to work well for many companies. With nearly 4 million pageviews
per year for RFCafe.com, the average impression rate per banner ad is about 225,000k per
year (in eight locations on each page, with >17k pages)...
 If you believe this 1953 advertisement in
Radio & Television News magazine, engineering at Bell Telephone Laboratories
invented the
wire-wrapping process. A little additional research shows that indeed it
was a Bell Telephone engineering team led by Arthur Keller who developed the
method and a wire-wrap tool to do the job. Field technician needed a fast,
durable, and reliable electrical connection when making hundreds or thousands of
splices at relay stations and while up on telephone poles. The key to making a
good wire-wrap connection is sharp corners on the wrapping post so that the
corner pushes through any oxidation or contaminant on the bare wire. NASA and
the DoD have exacting workmanship standards to guarantee...
 When looking a these vintage
electronics-themed comics from Radio-Electronics magazine (and others),
it probably is a case of "you had to have been there" to appreciate the humor in
them. In a world of 24/7 broadcasting of every TV channel, the first comic wouldn't
even make sense to someone who was born after about 1990, after which time most
local over-the-air broadcast stations signed off at 1:00 or so, played the National
Anthem, and then displayed a test pattern until about 6:00 am. The second comic
is from the era of high voltages inside radio and TV chassis for vacuum tube plates
and CRT accelerator grids. That big bulky thing the guy in the last comic is carrying
is a thing called a cathode ray tube (CRT), which old people used to use...
 Popular Electronics printed in April 1966 its
first notice of
new frequency units to be used beginning with the June edition. The May issue included
this
 piece titled, "Comes the Revolution - or - '40
Million Frenchmen Can't Be Wrong'." Predictably, not everyone liked it. With the June
issue came the promised change and along with it the first in a series of reader responses.
I also found a reader's opinion from the
August issue as well. Evidently, not everyone wanted to honor Heinrich Hertz by naming
the base unit of frequency in his honor...
 The
General Electric (GE) Model 250 portable radio was considered a "suitcase" style
because it looked kind of like - guess what? - a suitcase. It ran on either 120
volts AC or an internal 2.1 volt battery. A charging circuit was provided for the
battery, which was a nice feature so the owner didn't have to keep buying new batteries.
Fortunately, there seems to be many of these GE 250 radios available in various
states of reconditioning. eBay* currently has four listed ranging in price from
$40 to $150. One listing has very nice photos of the internal workings and of the
Willard model RADIO-25-2 wet storage cell battery (see below, right). Click on the
thumbnails for larger images. The nomenclature label for the radio is fully legible.
This Radio Service Data Sheet for the GE 250 radio appeared in the August 1946 issue
of Radio-Craft magazine...
 With more than 1000
custom-built stencils, this has got to be the most comprehensive set of
Visio Stencils
available for RF, analog, and digital system and schematic drawings! Every stencil
symbol has been built to fit proportionally on the included A-, B-, and C-size drawing
page templates (or use your own page if preferred). Components are provided for
system block diagrams, conceptual drawings, schematics, test equipment, racks, and
more. Page templates are provided with a preset scale (changeable) for a good presentation
that can incorporate all provided symbols...
 Even if you are even old enough to remember
the
Packard Bell line of desktop computers that appeared during the PC revolution
of the late 1980s, you probably do not know that before making PCs, Packard Bell
made television sets. Before that they made radios. Herb Bell and Leon Bell formed
the company in 1933, then marketed their first radio model, the 35A. Neither Packard
nor Bell had any direct family ties to the automobile maker or the telephone company
of similar names, respectively. Packard Bell was sold to Teledyne in 1968, then
in 1986, an American businessman named Beny Alagem and a group of Israeli investors
bought the Packard Bell name from Teledyne...
 Do a WWW search for
filter equations and you will find thousands of pages, including
a few here on RF Cafe. However, if you want an example of how to implement the transfer
functions in a spreadsheet or software, examples of actual code are elusive (other
than maybe a Matlab or MathCAD worksheet). As one who has incorporated equations
for Butterworth, Chebyshev Type 1, Chebyshev Type 2, and other filter
functions in many spreadsheets and software over the past few decades, I figured
it might be useful to post snippets of my code so that someone else can copy and
paste it directly into other work. BTW, I do not consider myself to be a filter
expert by any means and there is no ground-breaking knowledge here; it's just hopefully
easier to find. Writing a macro to use in a spreadsheet is the preferred...
 For a long time, the Electronic Warfare and
Radar Systems Engineering Handbook was very difficult to locate unless you knew
right where to go. Over time, some websites had been posting the file on their own
servers, but it is a pretty big PFD file, and it really has not been very well indexed
by Google or Yahoo or the other search engines. Therefore, I have broken it into
smaller parts and posted it in HTML format. That will make viewing specific chapters
much faster and easier. This chapter on
Doppler
Shift is typical of the manner in which subjects related to EW and radar engineering
are put in layman's terms...
 Reading an episode of "Mac's
Radio Service Shop" always has me wishing I had been born a couple decades earlier
and had taken the path of running an electronics repair shop. For sure it was no
picnic either from the standpoint of needing to keep abreast of constantly changing
product designs and finicky customers, but the thrill of the hunt (for the cause
of "trouble") and the satisfaction in knocking them out (the "shooting") is something
people like us (you, too, I assume, since you're reading this) understand. Back
in my USAF days as an air traffic control radar repairman, day-to-day routine system
alignments and preventative maintenance could be pretty dull, and most problems
were fairly easily resolved in an hour or two. However, every once in a while a
real doozy of a case would crop up that would have a full shift or two of fellow
technicians agonizing over it until the cause was finally discovered...
 Anyone who has dealt with older electronics
equipment knows that one of the first kinds of components to go bad is the
electrolytic capacitor. Materials used at the time degraded fairly rapidly,
especially compared to modern materials, which facilitated leakage of stored charge
between the rolled up layers of conductive plates and interstitial insulating paper
(or other material) layers. As outlined in this 1957 article from Radio &
Television News magazine, symptoms of electrolytic capacitor malfunction in
radio and television are most often some form of audible noise, light or dark lines
within the picture scan, or outright power supply failure. Since electrolytics are
typically large valued capacitors, they are used in power supply circuits for filtering
the line 50 or 60 Hz (depending on your country) AC frequency (and their harmonics)
and for interstage AC coupling. This article presents a simple method for testing
leakage levels in electrolytic capacitors to determine whether they should be replaced.
Many restorers of old electronic equipment routinely replace all the original electrolytic
capacitors because it is almost certain that leakage will either...
 Motivated by the series of articles about
Lee de Forest in the January 1947 issue of Radio-Craft magazine, I did a search
of U.S. newspapers from 1905 through 1947 looking for news items on him. In particular,
I was hoping to find something about the
lawsuit levied by the Marconi Company against Lee de Forest wherein the
judge was reported to have told him, "...to forever desist from the manufacture,
sale or operation of any system of wireless telegraph." Alas no such information
was discovered, but the search will continue. I did find this piece and many other
interesting items that will be posted as time permits. Here, Mr. de Forest
sued, with the assistance of the U.S. Government, an investment company for defrauding
investors in regard to company stock sales, using a charge of mail fraud to assist
in prosecution. Mail fraud, tax evasion, interstate commerce and other such non-state
related charges were (and still are) routinely used by the Feds...
 Humor in 1933 was evidently very different
than it is today. This is part of what was in the April edition of the ARRL's QST
magazine from that year. Unlike the unannounced "April
Fools" features that may or may not appear in a given year's April issue nowadays
(the April 2022 issue of QST has a gag article on page 40 - the page 38
article is actually real), much ado was made over the gags back in the day. You
might have noticed the humor in some of the older electronics-themed comics also
sometimes invokes the "what am I missing?" response. Shown below on the left is
the gag table of contents page and on the right is the "real" table of contents.
I get the thumbing the nose by the little dude in the margin, and I get the play
on American Radio Relay League, but what the hey does "Liberian Dog-Apple Growing"
mean? Any ideas? Maybe you'll be able to appreciate the intended humor here...
 It was a lot of work, but I finally finished
a version of the "RF &
Electronics Schematic & Block Diagram Symbols"" that works well with Microsoft
Office™ programs Word™, Excel™, and Power Point™. This is an equivalent of the extensive
set of amplifier, mixer, filter, switch, connector, waveguide, digital, analog,
antenna, and other commonly used symbols for system block diagrams and schematics
created for Visio™. Each of the 1,000+ symbols was exported individually from Visio
in the EMF file format, then imported into Word on a Drawing Canvas. The EMF format
allows an image to be scaled up or down without becoming pixelated, so all the shapes
can be resized in a document and still look good. The imported symbols can also
be UnGrouped into their original constituent parts for editing...
 Each month, the American Radio Relay League's
(ARRL's) QST magazine runs a feature called "Member Spotlight." Usually, the person
being paid homage is a non-celebrity who has done remarkable work to promote Ham
radio. Occasionally, a well-known celebrity type gets the honor, as is the case
with the December 2023 issue's personality,
Joe Walsh (WB6ACU), who has been the lead guitarist with the Eagles rock band
since the mid-1970s. Joe earned his license waaaay back in the year 1960, when Morse
code proficiency was a requirement. In the articles he states, "I'm an analog
guy. I like knobs more than a mouse." Many older Hams share the sentiment. Having
spent my teenage years in the 1970s, I am of course very familiar with the Eagles
and the name Joe Walsh. Don Henley, though, is probably the name most associated
with the Eagles...
 There are still many old-timers and beginning
nostalgic collectors out there who nurse heirloom and otherwise procured vacuum
tube radios - like this
Arvin Models 150TC, 151TC combination radio / phonograph - back to health (operating
condition) and/or keep them in good health. While it is possible to purchase schematics,
parts lists, and service instructions from many different models, there are still
some that have escaped the scanners of those publishers. For those kindred spirits
in search of such reference materials, I happily scan, clean up as necessary, and
post this collection (see complete list at bottom of page). I have dozens more that
will eventually be added over time, so check back later or send me an e-mail if
I have an issue (check the lists first, please) of Radio News, Radio-Craft, etc.
known to contain the information you need...
 I was first introduced to the
Simpson 260 volt-ohmmeter (VOM) in the radar shop where I was
assigned un the USAF. Here is the modern version of that classic, the Simpson
260-8 VOM; it looks a lot like the original. Here is an advertisement that I
scanned out of my copy of the July 1944 QST magazine. It highlights the
precision to which its meter movement pivots are manufactured. "While Simpson
Electric Company, chartered in 1934, is a firm with a distinguished past, it is
just as importantly an organization with a dynamic present and a definite
future." There is an entire website dedicated to the history of the Simpson 260.
The famous 260 Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter put Simpson on the map and cemented a
reputation for quality that still defines Simpson in the marketplace today." You
can still buy a brand new Simpson 260 (-8) from Amazon, or grab a vintage...
 This is the electronics market prediction for
France, circa 1966. It was part of a comprehensive assessment by the editors of
Electronics magazine of the state of commercial, military, and consumer electronics
at the end of 1965. President Charles de Gaulle wanted more money spent on the military
- their "force de frappe" (strike force). Compagnie Générale de Télégraphie Sans Fil
(later Thomson CSF) was building ground and airborne radars, IC productions was ramping
up; computers were coming online, and basic R&D funding was increasing. Unless you
can find a news story on the state of the industry, detailed reports must be purchased
from research companies like Statista. Their website has a lot of charts on
France's current electronics market showing revenue in the consumer... |
