Electronics & Technology
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The "Human Body Model" (HBM) for electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing is a
standard method used to assess the susceptibility of electronic components and
devices to ESD events caused by human contact. The HBM simulates the
electrostatic discharge that can occur when a person touches or handles a
device. The HBM test is designed to determine the ESD vulnerability of
electronic components and devices when they come into contact with a charged
human body. It helps identify potential weaknesses in a product's design and
manufacturing with respect to ESD protection.
HBM testing follows standardized procedures and
guidelines, typically defined in industry standards like JEDEC (Joint Electron
Device Engineering Council) and the ESD Association (ESDA) standards. Commonly
used standards include JEDEC JESD22-A114 and ESDA-STM5.1. The HBM test setup involves the use of a human body model
simulator, which typically consists of a capacitor discharge tool. The tool is
charged to a specified voltage (e.g., 1000 volts or more) to simulate an
electrostatic discharge.
During the test, a charged discharge tool is brought into
contact with the device under test (DUT). The discharge mimics the ESD event
that can occur when a person touches the device or one of its electrical
connectors. The DUT's response to the ESD event is monitored. HBM test levels are specified in the relevant standards and
represent the maximum voltage to which the device is exposed during testing.
Typical levels range from 1 kV to 8 kV, but the specific level depends on the
application and industry requirements. The test evaluates whether the device survives the
ESD event without experiencing functional or electrical failures. The pass/fail
criteria depend on the product's intended use and the specific standard being
followed. Factors such as device sensitivity, materials used, and the
device's design can influence the test results. Manufacturers may need to apply
various protective measures to ensure their products meet ESD protection
requirements.
Manufacturers use the results of HBM testing to
improve the design and construction of their products. This may include
incorporating ESD protection circuits and ensuring proper grounding. HBM testing is critical for ensuring the reliability and performance of
electronic devices in real-world scenarios where they may come into contact with
humans.
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