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Loran (short for Long Range Navigation) is a radio-based navigation system
that was developed in the early 1940s for use by the military during World War
II. The system uses radio signals to determine a location and was primarily used
by ships and aircraft.
The development of Loran began in the United States in the early 1940s, with
the goal of creating a navigation system that could be used by the military to
accurately determine a ship or aircraft's position over long distances, even in
adverse weather conditions. The first Loran system was called Loran A and was
developed by the US Coast Guard in collaboration with the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Radio Corporation of America (RCA).
Loran A was first used by the US military in 1942 and was later adopted by
the British and Canadian militaries as well. The system used two or more fixed
ground stations that transmitted synchronized pulses of radio waves, which were
received and measured by a Loran receiver on board the ship or aircraft. By
measuring the time difference between the received pulses, the Loran receiver
could calculate the distance to each of the ground stations and then use
triangulation to determine the user's position.
In the 1950s, Loran B was developed, which used more advanced technology to
improve the accuracy of the system. Loran C, the most widely used version of the
system, was developed in the 1960s and provided even greater accuracy and
coverage. Loran C was used extensively by the military and by civilian ships and
aircraft for many years.
With the development of more advanced navigation systems, such as GPS (Global
Positioning System), the use of Loran has declined. Loran C was officially
decommissioned in 2010 in the United States, and many other countries have also
discontinued their Loran systems.
Despite the decline of Loran, its development and evolution played a
significant role in the advancement of radio-based navigation systems and helped
pave the way for more advanced systems like GPS.
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