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The ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) frequency allocation is a crucial
component of the radio frequency spectrum, which is the range of frequencies used
for wireless communication and other purposes. This portion of the spectrum is set
aside for unlicensed use, which means that any person or organization can use these
frequencies without obtaining a license from the regulatory authorities. This allocation
is designed to encourage innovation and the development of new wireless technologies.
The ISM frequency allocation includes several frequency bands, including:
- 13.56 MHz: This band is used for near-field communication (NFC) and radio-frequency
identification (RFID) applications.
- 433 MHz: This band is used for a variety of applications, including remote control
devices, wireless sensors, and alarm systems.
- 902-928 MHz: This band is typically used for industrial, scientific, and medical
(ISM) applications that require short-range, low-power wireless communication. Examples
of such applications include barcode readers, automated meter reading devices, and
medical devices such as heart monitors.
- 2.4-2.4835 GHz: This band is widely used for a variety of ISM applications,
including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and microwave ovens. Wi-Fi, in particular, has become
ubiquitous in homes, offices, and public spaces, providing high-speed wireless internet
access to devices such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets. Bluetooth, on the other
hand, is used for wireless communication between devices, such as headphones and
speakers, or for short-range wireless data transfer.
- 5.725-5.875 GHz: This band is used for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications,
including Wi-Fi. This frequency band provides higher bandwidth and higher data rates
compared to the 2.4 GHz band, making it ideal for applications such as streaming
high-definition video or playing online games.
In order to ensure the efficient use of the ISM frequency allocation and minimize
the potential for interference with other wireless systems and services, each ISM
frequency band has specific requirements and restrictions in terms of power output
and other parameters. These requirements and restrictions vary depending on the
specific frequency band and the country in which the device is being used.
The ISM frequency allocation is a valuable resource for unlicensed wireless communication
and has enabled the development of a wide range of technologies and applications
for industrial, scientific, medical, and consumer use. It has played a critical
role in the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) by providing a platform for low-power,
short-range wireless communication between devices and has made it possible for
consumers to enjoy the convenience of wireless communication and data transfer in
their daily lives.
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