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Quiz #34
 This quiz is based on the information
presented in Multi-Gigabit
Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communications, by Jonathan Wells.
Artech House
is the publisher. Note: Some of these books
are available as prizes in the monthly
RF Cafe Giveaway.
1. Which entity is the primary
regulatory agency in the world with responsibility for coordinating
shared global use of the radio spectrum?
d) ITU (International Telecommunication Union)
The ITU is the primary regulatory agency in the world with the responsibility
for coordinating the shared global use of
the radio spectrum. (see page 5)
2. What is a primary obstacle to FSO (Free Space Optics)
terrestrial usage?
a) Very high attenuation. Communications
at optical frequencies are especially sensitive to atmospheric and
environmental conditions, particularly fog, which can drastically limit distance.
(see page 13)
3. Which condition causes the least amount of attenuation
on electromagnetic signals?
b) Dry air.
See the chart of atmospheric attenuation versus
frequency on page 25.
4. What is the equation for determining attenuation
factor (specific attenuation) due to snow and ice?
(R=snowfall rate in mm/hr, λ=wavelength in mm)
d) Attenuation Factor = [(0.00349*R1.6)/λ4] +
[(0.00224*R)/λ] The effects of snow and ice on atmospheric
attenuation at high frequencies have not been
as well studied as those of rain and fog. (see page 37)
See author's reference document for attenuation factor
5. What is the equation for determining attenuation
due to foliage? (f=frequency in MHz, R=depth of
foliage in m)
d) Loss = 0.2f0.3R0.6
Losses due to foliage can be significant at high frequencies. (see page 38)
(BTW, a, b, and c are all equivalent equations)
6. What is a primary feature of a plesiochronous digital
hierarchy (PDH) system?
a) Running in a state where different parts of the network are nearly,
but not quite perfectly, synchronized. (see page 48)
  7.
What does the image to the right depict?
b) 256 QAM with phase noise Phase noise
manifests itself as jitter in an IQ constellation.
An ideal pattern is also shown for
reference. (see page 66)
8. Which frequencies in the 60
GHz band are allocated by the FCC for unlicensed use?
a) 57 to 64 GHz In 2001, the FCC allocated
7 GHz of spectrum from 57 GHz to 64 GHz for unlicensed use.
(see page 104)
9. What is a link budget?
d) An accounting of all gains and losses in a communications system
A link budget is a method of accounting for all the gains and losses in a communications
system, from the power out of the transmitter, through
the free space medium, to the received signal at
the receiver. (see page 178)
10. Which city would likely have higher 23 GHz system
availability due to weather?
a) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Refer to the atmospheric
attenuation chart in Figure 2.3 (see page 199, chart on page 25)
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